<i>VvBOR3</i> and <i>VvBOR4</i> expression in response to hormone applications.

<p>Analysis was performed on flowers at anthesis and fruits at setting from <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv Carménère plants exposed to 100 μM ABA or 290 μM GA. Non-treated plants were used as a control. For each determination, expression of the respective gene in control samples was adjusted to 1 relative unit. Data represent means of 4 biological replicates ± SD.</p

Quantification of abnormal pollen, millerandage and fruitlet abscission rates in the <i>V</i>. <i>vinifera</i> cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), Carménère (Cm), Chardonnay (Ch), Malbec (Mb), Merlot (Mt) and Syrah (Sy) in two growing seasons (S1 and S2).

<p>a) Abnormal pollen rates determined in samples processed by the Erdtman acetolysis method; b) PFD and fruitlet abscission rates; and c) Correlation between abnormal pollen and PFD rates (black squares) and between abnormal pollen and fruitlet abscission rates (open squares). Means with different letters are significantly different at p<0.05.</p

Morphology of normal (a-e,n,o) and abnormal (f-m) pollen grains from six <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cultivars analyzed under scanning electron microscopy.

<p>a) Cabernet sauvignon (polar view); b) Chardonnay (sub-polar view); c) Malbec (sub-equatorial view); d) Carménère (equatorial view); e) Syrah (equatorial view); f) Carménère acolporate; g) Merlot acolporate; h) Carménère acolporate and collapsed; i) Malbec acolporate and collapsed, j) Carménère jumbo; k) Malbec bicolporate; l) Merlot irregular; m) Carménère irregular; n) Carménère anatomy of endo (germinal pore) and ectoapertures (colpi); and o) Cabernet sauvignon classical exine sculpture.</p

Germination capability of pollen grains from two <i>V</i>. <i>vinifera</i> cultivars examined under light microscopy.

<p>a) Cabernet Sauvignon in basal media (100x); b) Carménère in basal media (100x), c) Carménère in basal media (400x); and d) Germination rates in either basal or 1mM borate supplemented media at 25°C. Acolporate pollen grains in b) and c) are pointed by arrows. Basal: basal germination medium composed by 1mM CaCl2, 15% sucrose, pH 5.8 and 1% agar. +Bac: basal germination medium supplemented with 1mM borate. Means with different letters in d) are significantly different at p<0.05.</p

Acetolyzed pollen grains from six <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cultivars analyzed under light microscopy.

<p>a) Cabernet Sauvignon, b) Carménère, c) Chardonnay, d) Malbec, e) Merlot and f) Syrah. Samples were visualized at 40X magnification. Abnormal pollen grains are pointed by arrowheads.</p

Grapevine <i>VvBOR</i> gene family and identity of encoded proteins with the reference protein AtBOR1 from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

<p>Grapevine <i>VvBOR</i> gene family and identity of encoded proteins with the reference protein AtBOR1 from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.</p

Expression profiles of <i>VvBOR1</i>, <i>VvBOR3</i> and <i>VvBOR4</i> genes in vegetative (leaves and roots) and reproductive organs of <i>Vitis vinifera cv</i>. <i>Carménère</i>.

<p>Pre-anthesis (flowers, 5 days before full bloom), anthesis (pollen depleted flowers at full bloom), setting (fruits, 2 days after pollination), pre-véraison (berries, 2 weeks after pollination) and véraison (berries, 8 weeks after pollination). The insert represent expression levels in pollen from flowers at anthesis. <i>VvBOR1</i> expression in leaves was adjusted to 1 relative unit. Data represent the means of 4 biological replicates ± SD.</p