Мета, завдання та принципи аудиторської діяльності

Оріщенко, М. М. Мета, завдання та принципи аудиторської діяльності / М. М. Оріщенко // Європейські перспективи. – 2014. – № 7. – С. 100-104.В статті проаналізовано наукові підходити щодо визначення мети, завдань та принципів аудиторської діяльності, що дало змогу з’ясувати зміст аудиторської діяльності, її функції, перспективи розвитку та використання в системі управління суб’єктами господарської діяльності.The article analyzes the scientific approach to identify goals, objectives and principles of auditing, which made it possible to clarify the content of audit activities, its functions and prospects of development and use in the management of businesses.В статье проанализированы научные подходы к определению целей, задач и принципов аудиторской деятельности, что позволило выяснить содержание аудиторской деятельности, ее функции, перспективы развития и использования в системе управления

Cell divisions are not essential for the direct conversion of fibroblasts into neuronal cells

Direct lineage conversion is a promising approach for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Cell divisions play a key role in reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency, however their role in direct lineage conversion is not clear. Here we used transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into neuronal cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors as a model system to study the role of cellular division in the direct conversion process. We have shown that conversion occurs in the presence of the cell cycle inhibitors aphidicolin or mimosine. Moreover, overexpression of the cell cycle activator cMyc negatively influences the process of direct conversion. Overall, our results suggest that cell divisions are not essential for the direct conversion of fibroblasts into neuronal cells

Oral health consequences of piercing

Пірсинг сьогодні все більше набуває популярність серед молоді. У вітчизняній літературі відсутні дані про вплив орального пірсингу на здоров'я людини. Іноземні джерела повідомляють, що пірсинг пов'язаний з певними ризиками. Враховуючи поширеність цього виду боді-арту та недостатність фахової інформації про вплив пірсингу на здоров'я, є актуальним подальше вивчення цієї проблеми

CULTIVATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MESENCHyMAL STEM CELLS FROM THE BONE MARROW OF THE PATIENTS WITH ORTHOPEDIC PATHOLOGY

The article presents data on the cultivation and characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from the bone marrow of patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis. Several morphological phenotypes were found in the fraction of adhesive MSC: spindle-shaped elongated cells, large flattened cells, and thin stellate cells in both samples of bone marrow. Immunophenotypic analysis showed that cells express surface antigens (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD45 and CD34), which are characteristic for typical stem cells. It was shown that the use of a new growth medium containing no components of animal origin for the cultivation of human MSC allowed to achieve confluence of the cell culture on the 16th-8th day of incubation without delaying the proliferative activity of the cells and without loss of ability to differentiate into chondro- and osteogenic types of tissues. Multipotency of MSC was confirmed by osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells, during prolonged cultivation of MSCs in induction media in vitro . The differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S. Specific differentiation of MSC in chondrogenic type was revealed by staining of cartilage deposits with alcian blue. For the first time, such characteristics of human MSC as: mitotic index, trajectory of cells migration and average speed of migration on culture plastics were determined. The mitotic index of actively proliferating MSC was from 2.7 to 3.4 % of the total cell number. The moving activity (speed of cell migration) was 38-42 μm/h. Thus, bone marrow aspirate from patients with orthopedic pathology is the source of stem cells that meet all the criteria for MSC as determined by the International Society of Cellular Therapy and can be used in regenerative therapy of bone and cartilage

Targeted genomic integration of EGFP under tubulin beta 3 class III promoter and mEos2 under tryptophan hydroxylase 2 promoter does not produce sufficient levels of reporter gene expression

Neuronal tracing is a modern technology that is based on the expression of fluorescent proteins under the control of cell type-specific promoters. However, random genomic integration of the reporter construct often leads to incorrect spatial and temporal expression of the marker protein. Targeted integration (or knock-in) of the reporter coding sequence is supposed to provide better expression control by exploiting endogenous regulatory elements. Here we describe the generation of two fluorescent reporter systems: enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under pan-neural marker class III β-tubulin (Tubb3) promoter and mEos2 under serotonergic neuron-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) promoter. Differentiation of Tubb3-EGFP embryonic stem (ES) cells into neurons revealed that though Tubb3-positive cells express EGFP, its expression level is not sufficient for the neuronal tracing by routine fluorescent microscopy. Similarly, the expression levels of mEos2-TPH2 in differentiated ES cells was very low and could be detected only on messenger RNA level using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Our data shows that the use of endogenous regulatory elements to control transgene expression is not always beneficial compared with the random genomic integration

A Regulatory Potential of the <em>Xist</em> Gene Promoter in Vole <em>M. rossiaemeridionalis</em>

<div><p>X chromosome inactivation takes place in the early development of female mammals and depends on the <em>Xist</em> gene expression. The mechanisms of <em>Xist</em> expression regulation have not been well understood so far. In this work, we compared <em>Xist</em> promoter region of vole <em>Microtus rossiaemeridionalis</em> and other mammalian species. We observed three conserved regions which were characterized by computational analysis, DNaseI <em>in vitro</em> footprinting, and reporter construct assay. Regulatory factors potentially involved in <em>Xist</em> activation and repression in voles were determined. The role of CpG methylation in vole <em>Xist</em> expression regulation was established. A CTCF binding site was found in the 5′ flanking region of the <em>Xist</em> promoter on the active X chromosome in both males and females. We suggest that CTCF acts as an insulator which defines an inactive <em>Xist</em> domain on the active X chromosome in voles.</p> </div