First generation college students\u27 perception of parental attitudes: An exploratory study

Parental support among first generation college students is largely understudied. While some argue that many parents lack necessary information and knowledge to help their children succeed while in college, this work argues that parents of first generation college students contribute a large amount of emotional support towards their children while in college. There are several benefits of receiving a high degree of emotional support, one of which is constructing a potential buffer against identity threat that many first generation college students face while on campus. Through eleven case studies, this work examines the roles of parental support of first generation college students as well as both parents’ and participants’ views of college

Evaluating the Solution Focused Wellness for HIV Intervention for Women: A Pilot Study

在美国，女性艾滋病毒携带者的健康状况受到性别差异的影响，其中有色人种女性的性别差异影响巨大。 为了解决这个问题，创建了女性艾滋病毒携带者的的焦点解决健康干预方案（SFWH）。 在本文中，我们报告了最新的SFWH初步定量研究结果。为携带HIV的女性提供了七次团体干预（N = 14），以评估其有效性。 结果表明，五周后随访与基线相比，该干预措施带来了显著的多维度健康改善。 被试的CD4和病毒载量没有明显变化。为了增加获得干预的机会并保留社区对HIV护理工作，计划对SFWH进一步调整

Evaluating the Solution Focused Wellness for HIV Intervention for Women: A Pilot Study

Women living with HIV experience a gender gap in wellness outcomes in the U.S., and women of color are particularly vulnerable to this gap. To address this, the Solution Focused Wellness for HIV (SFWH) intervention for women was created. In this paper, we report the quantitative results of the most recent SFWH pilot study. The seven-session, group intervention was provided to (N=14) women living with HIV to evaluate it for effectiveness. Results showed the intervention was associated with significant multidimensional wellness improvements between baseline and five-week follow up. Participants’ CD4 and Viral Load counts did not change significantly. To improve access to the intervention and increase retention in HIV care in the community, further adaptations of the SFWH are planned

Social Network Ties and Goal Formation: Correlates of Treatment Entry and Reduced Alcohol use Following Treatment Completion.

While effective treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) exists, only about 28% of individuals suffering from AUDs seek help for problems (Cohen, Feinn, Arias, & Kranzler, 2007). The National Institute of Health strategic initiative of systems-thinking approaches to health (USDHHS, 2010b) suggests that social network ties may reveal important keys to how persons experiencing health problems, including AUDs, seek treatment. Additionally, approximately 60% of individuals in treatment for AUDs will relapse within the first year following alcohol treatment (Maisto, Pollock, Cornelius, Lynch, & Martin, 2003; Whitford, Widner, Mellick, & Elkins, 2009). One mechanism of change that could reduce relapse of alcohol use may be the goals individuals adopt upon entry to treatment. The objectives of this dissertation are 1) identify the characteristics of social network ties among persons with experiencing AUDs, 2) examine how social network ties influence treatment use for alcohol dependence, and 3) to examine whether goals individuals adopt concerning drinking in early treatment influence subsequent alcohol use following treatment completion. Objectives 1 and 2 examine wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Objective 3, examines the Life-Transitions Study (LTS) (Robinson et al., 2011). Results suggest that social networks of individuals with AUDs are smaller in size and less diverse. Additionally, social network ties of individuals with AUD play a moderating role in seeking treatment such that individuals with high level of alcohol consumption and more social ties are more likely to seek treatment than individuals with high levels of alcohol consumption and few network ties. Finally, controlling for differences in who adopts a goal of abstinence from alcohol, individuals who adopt a goal of abstinence at treatment entry are likely to have more percent days abstinence and more days since last consuming alcohol compared to individuals who adopt a non-abstinence goal. These findings offer several implications for social work practice including the utilization of social networks as a resource among individuals with AUDs, the identification of high risk AUD groups least likely to seek treatment, and risk factors associated with higher levels of alcohol use following treatment for AUDs.PHDSocial Work and PsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99789/1/omowbray_1.pd

Service Use and Barriers to Care among Heroin Users: Results from a National Survey

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78095/1/68.pd

Trends in Suicide among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Hispanic Individuals: National Violent Death Reporting System Data from 2012-2016

Due to multiple minority stressors, persons who are Hispanic and lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) can experience an increased risk of injury and death, including suicide. We examined trends and correlates of deaths by suicide among LGB Hispanic individuals using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2012 to 2016 (N = 1,132). A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model examined time-series trends associated with suicide between LGB and heterosexual individuals, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Over time, increases in suicide were larger among LGB Hispanic individuals. Increased odds associated with suicide were also attributed to women, individuals with a higher education level, those who experienced mental health problems, those with alcohol-related problems, and individuals with a history of mental illness. LGB Hispanic individuals continue to see an increased risk for suicidality. Health intervention and policy efforts should focus on the multiple minority stressors experienced by this population

Social determinants of health and diabetes: using a nationally representative sample to determine which social determinant of health model best predicts diabetes risk

Abstract Objectives Social determinants of health (SDOH) research demonstrates poverty, access to healthcare, discrimination, and environmental factors influence health outcomes. Several models are commonly used to assess SDOH, yet there is limited understanding of how these models differ regarding their ability to predict the influence of social determinants on diabetes risk. This study compares the utility of four SDOH models for predicting diabetes disparities. Study design We utilized The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adulthood (Add Health) to compare SDOH models and their ability to predict risk of diabetes and obesity. Methods Previous literature has identified the World Health Organization (WHO), Healthy People, County Health Rankings, and Kaiser Family Foundation as the conventional SDOH models. We used these models to operationalize SDOH using the Add Health dataset. Add Health data were used to perform logistic regressions for HbA1c and linear regressions for body mass index (BMI). Results The Kaiser model accounted for the largest proportion of variance (19%) in BMI. Race/ethnicity was a consistent factor predicting BMI across models. Regarding HbA1c, the Kaiser model also accounted for the largest proportion of variance (17%). Race/ethnicity and wealth was a consistent factor predicting HbA1c across models. Conclusion Policy and practice interventions should consider these factors when screening for and addressing the effects of SDOH on diabetes risk. Specific SDOH models can be constructed for diabetes based on which determinants have the largest predictive value

Trajectories of Health and Behavioral Health Services Use among Community Corrections– Involved Rural Adults

This article seeks to establish time-based trajectories of health and behavioral health services utilization for community corrections–involved (CCI) adults and to examine demographic and clinical correlates associated with these trajectories. To accomplish this aim, the authors applied a latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to services use data from a sample of rural CCI adults who reported their medical, mental health, and substance use treatment utilization behavior every 60 days for 1.5 years. LCGA established 1.5-year trajectories and demographic correlates of health services among rural CCI adults. For medical services, three classes emerged (stable-low users, 13%; stable-intermediate users, 40%; and stable-high users, 47%). For mental health and substance use services, three classes emerged (stable-low, 69% and 61%, respectively; low-baseline-increase, 10% and 12%, respectively; high-baseline decline, 21% and 28%, respectively). Employment, gender, medication usage, and depression severity predicted membership across all services. Results underscore the importance of social workers and other community services providers aligning health services access with the needs of the CCI population, and highlight CCI adults as being at risk of underservice in critical prevention and intervention domains