Procjena produktivnosti alternativnih metoda koranja drvnog sortimenta

In Turkey, timber debarking stages are generally carried out by using axes. However, this method takes a lot of time and requires more work forces. In addition, since leaving residual trees with bark in stands increases the risk of insect damages, residual trees require quick barking process. In recent years, chainsaw mounted debarking tools have been widely used in debarking stages due to performing jobs quicker with less labor force. In this study, two different debarking methods including using axes and debarking tool were analyzed by considering operation productivity. The field studies were conducted in Brutian Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stand located in Bahçe Forest Enterprise Chief of Osmaniye Forest Enterprise Directorate in Adana Regional Forestry Directorate. As a result of study, the productivity of chainsaw mounted debarking tool was found to be five times higher than that of using axes for debarking. Thus, use of chainsaw mounted debarking tool is better alternative than use of axe in debarking activities, as it takes less time and minimize physical work load of the loggers.U Turskoj se faze koranja drveta obično obavljaju uz pomoć sjekira. Međutim, ta metoda zahtijeva puno vremena i puno radne snage. Uz to, budući da ostavljanje drveta s korom u sastojinama povećava rizik od oštećenja insektima, zahtijeva hitan proces guljenja kore. Posljednjih godina puno se koriste guljači kore koji se montiraju na motornu pilu, budući da se posao obavlja brže s manjim brojem radne snage. U ovoj studiji, analizirane su dvije različite metode koranja u razmatranju produktivnosti rada koje uključuju uporabu sjekira i guljač kore koji se montira na motornu pilu. Terenske studije provedene su u sastojini brucijskog bora (Pinus brutia Ten.) koja se nalazi u Upravi šuma Bahçe u regionalnom šumskom gospodarstvu Adane. Rezultat studije bio je da je produktivnost pila za koranje bila pet puta veća od uporabe sjekira za koranje. Tako je guljač kore koji se montira na motornu pilu bolja alternativa od uporabe sjekire u guljenju kore, budući da je kod njega potrebno manje vremena te smanjuje fizički rad drvosječa

ORMAN TRAKTÖRÜ İLE SÜRÜTME SIRASINDA OLUŞAN TEKERLEK İZİ DERİNLİĞİNİN HESAPLANMASI

Mekanik bölmeden çıkarma sistemleri geleneksel sistemlerden daha yüksek kalite ürünler ve daha güvenli operasyon ortamı sağlarlar. Ancak, lastik tekerlekli ağır bölmeden çıkarma araçlarının orman toprağı üzerinde oluşturduğu derin tekerlek izleri, operasyonlarda aşırı gecikmeler, orman toprağının fiziksel özellikleri üzerinde ciddi etkiler ve ağaç köklerinde hasarlar gibi bazı sorunlara neden olurlar. Bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek için bölmeden çıkarma araçları tarafından oluşturulacak potansiyel tekerlek izi derinliği, bölmeden çıkarma sisteminin planlanmasından önce dikkatle hesaplanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, lastik tekerlekli orman traktöründen meydana gelen tekerlek izi derinliğini hesaplamak için bir model geliştirilmiştir. Modelin doğruluğunun test edildiği arazi çalışmasının sonuçları ile modelin sonuçları uyum göstermiştir. Model, tekerlek izi derinliklerini ortalama % 9 oranında eksik hesaplamıştır. Sonuçlar düşürülmüş tekerlek iç basıncının iz derinliklerini ortalama %11 oranında azalttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, derin tekerlek izlerinin oluşmasındaki ana faktörlerden birinin tekerlekler üzerindeki yüklenmenin miktarı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mekanik üretim sistemleri, Orman traktörleri, Tekerlek izi derinliği

Investigation of timber harvesting operations using chainsaw considering productivity and residual stand damage: The case of Bahçe Forest Enterprise Chief

Timber harvesting activities are often performed in difficult conditions caused by the mountainous terrain conditions in Turkey. One of the most difficult and dangerous stages of the timber harvesting activities are felling, delimbing, and bucking stages. In some of the European countries with intensive forestry activities, felling, delimbing and bucking stages of timber harvesting are performed with harvesting machines (i.e. harvester, feller-buncher) while these processes are mostly performed with chainsaw in Turkey. The chainsaw operations which are not properly planned and implemented may results in considerable amount of time and productivity losses and environmental damages. At the same time, the risk of work accidents increases during the felling activities. Thus, it is very important to investigate productivity and residual stand damage of chainsaw operations. In this study, harvesting activities using chainsaw were evaluated in terms of productivity and environmental aspects. The field studies were conducted in Brutian Pine stands within Bahçe Forest Enterprise Chief of Osmaniye Forest Enterprise Directorate, located in Adana Forest Regional Directorate. Average productivity and timber volume were calculated as 4.06 m3/hr and 0.30 m3, respectively, and productivity increased as the amount of timber production increased. The results indicated that total number of injured trees as a result of felling operation was 43 in which 13 injuries were on live wood while 30 injuries were on tree barks. It was found that sapwood and bark injuries occurred at the top of the trees during felling activities due to tree hang ups

Forest operations planning by using RTK-GPS based digital elevation model

Having large proportion of forests in mountainous terrain in Turkey, the logging methods that not only minimize operational costs but also minimize environmental damages should be determined in forest operations planning. In a case where necessary logging equipment and machines are available, ground slope is the most important factor in determining the logging method. For this reason, accurate, up to date, and precise ground slope data is very crucial in the success of forest operations planning. In recent years, high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM) can be generated for forested areas by using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS method and these DEMs can be used to develop precise slope maps. In this study, high-resolution DEM was developed by RTK-GPS method to generate precise slope map in a sample area. Then, the slope map was classified into slope classes specified by IUFRO in order to assist forest operations planning. According to the results, logging methods that are suitable for very steep and steep terrain conditions (i.e. skyline logging, cable pulling, and chute systems) should be preferred in 48.1% of the study area. It was also found that logging methods that are suitable for terrain with medium slope (i.e. skidding and cable pulling) and gentle slope (i.e. skidding and mobile winch) should be preferred in 34.1% and 17.8% of the study area, respectively

Controlled sliding of logs downhill by chute system integrated with portable winch and synthetic rope

Over 80% of wood extraction operations have been performed by conventional methods in Turkey. Conventional methods include skidding or sliding of logs mainly by man and animal power, which poses problems in terms of technical, economical, environmental, and ergonomic aspects. Skidding wood on plastic chutes has been implemented in limited numbers of logging applications in recent years, and provides important advantages such as reducing environmental damages and minimizing the value and volume loss of transported wood products. In this study, a chute system integrated with a mobile winch was developed for controlled sliding of large diameter logs downhill. In addition, synthetic ropes rather than steel cables were used to pull log products, resulting in a lower weight and more efficient extraction system. The system was tested on a sample wood production operation in Çınarpınar Forest Enterprise Chief of Kahramanmaraş Forest Enterprise Directorate. In the study, productivity analysis of chute system was performed and its ecological impacts were evaluated. During controlled sliding of logs downhill, the highest productivity (10.01 m3/hour) was reached in the fourth chute system characterized as 36 m in length and 70% ground slope. One of the main factors that affected the productivity of chute system was the controlled sliding time of the logs. It was found that residual stand damage was very limited during controlled sliding operations

Bilgisayar Destekli Orman Yolu Planlama Modeli

Orman yolunun yapım ve bakım maliyetleri, orman ürünlerinin üretiminde toplam maliyetin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, orman yolları akarsulara sediment taşıyan en önemli unsurlardandır. Bu nedenle, sadece toplam yol maliyetini en aza indiren değil aynı zamanda akarsulara taşınan sediment miktarını da azaltan optimum orman yolu güzergahı seçilmelidir. Bu çalışma, toplam yol maliyeti en düşük olan orman yolu güzergahını seçen ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) tabanlı sediment hesaplama modeli kullanarak yollardan derelere ulaşan yıllık ortalama sedimenti hesaplayan bir orman yolu planlama modelini sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, model KSÜ Başkonuş Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanı’nda seçilen bir çalışma alanında test edilmiştir