DRAWINGS FOR THE REUSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY GREENHOUSES IN THE GARDEN OF VILLA CICOGNA MOZZONI

The nineteenth-century greenhouses in the garden of Villa Cicogna Mozzoni are abandoned and dilapidated. Three greenhouses investigated for the research named A, B and C are positioned one above the other on the hill of the garden. They are historical examples of iron and glass structures with masonry walls leaning against the ground. They have undergone numerous modifications over time, as evidenced by archival documents. To create a preservation project for their reuse, bibliographical research was first collected. Secondly, direct and indirect surveys were carried out. The technical drawings were produced on a 1:50 scale using point clouds, orthophotos, sketches and direct measurements. Given the nature of the glass material of which these buildings are predominantly made, it was necessary to process the data obtained with the laser scanner and clean created noise points. Seemingly simple structures, greenhouses are complex buildings that require careful studies of humidity, temperature, irrigation, light and materials. For the presentation of different systems in the greenhouses, color-coded thematical drawings were created. Detailed drawings on a 1:20 scale examine the iron fixtures and manual mechanical system of the windows. Other characteristics were represented in the drawings, such as internal and external movements and communications between greenhouses. The survey and documentation were done to serve for the reuse project which aims to bring back the shine to these greenhouses so that they can be revitalized for botanical and educational activities

Reevaluating Historical Road Connections through Historical Cartography

The Italian province of Monza and Brianza faces challenges in preserving historical road connections. Rapid industrialisation and urban expansion have led to the neglect of the historical road system, minor widespread built heritage and landscape. Historic cartography was used to recover and reevaluate their qualities. Maps serve as valuable tools for synchronic and diachronic analysis, allowing the exploration of spatial transformations over time. They reveal the evolution of roads and their role in economic and religious development. Synchronic analysis, conducted through georeferencing and vectorising of historical maps within GIS, unveils the characteristics of roads in the past, while diachronic analysis demonstrates the current state and position of the remaining road network. The loss of contextual integrity due to landscape and urban changes led to the fragmentation of roads, their devaluation and disuse. While historical roads within centres maintained some original features and context, those outside the centre undergo substantial changes, being substituted by a modern street network, and interrupted by major infrastructure projects or buildings. Nonetheless, the historical road network is traceable in the peripheral areas, in the green ‘buffer zone’ where agricultural land persisted. The study underscores the significance of historical roads in territorial development and proposes the creation of green corridors for sustainable slow mobility. The approach reveals the condition of historical connections and their interrelation with cultural heritage and landscape. The preservation of natural and built settings remains crucial for enhancing the dual character of roads

Applying bim to built heritage with complex shapes: The ice house of filarete's ospedale maggiore in milan, Italy

This paper presents the development of a BIM model for a stratified historic structure characterized by a complex geometry: Filarete's Ospedale Maggiore ice house, one of the few remaining historic ice houses in Milan (Fig. 1). Filarete, a well-known Renaissance architect and theorist, planned the hospital in the 15th century, but the ice house was built two centuries later with a double-storey irregular octagonal brick structure, half under and half above ground, that enclosed another circular structure called the ice room. The purpose of the double-walled structure was to store ice in the middle and store and preserve perishable food and medicine at the outer side of the ice room. During World War II, major portions of the hospital and the above-ground section of the ice house was bombed and heavily damaged. Later, in 1962, the hospital was restored and rehabilitated into a university, with the plan to conceal the ice house's remaining structure in the courtyard, which ultimately was excavated and incorporated into a new library for the university. A team of engineers, architects, and students from Politecnico di Milano and Carleton University conducted two heritage recording surveys in 2015 and 2016 to fully document the existing condition of the ice house, resulting in an inclusive laser scanner and photogrammetric point cloud dataset. The point cloud data was consolidated and imported into two leading parametric modelling software, Autodesk Revit© and Graphisoft ArchiCAD©, with the goal to develop two BIMs in parallel in order to study and compare the software BIM workflow, parametric capabilities, attributes to capture the complex geometry with high accuracy, and the duration for parametric modelling. The comparison study of the two software revealed their workflow limitations, leading to integration of the BIM generative process with other pure modelling software such as Rhinoceros©. The integrative BIM process led to the production of a comprehensive BIM model that documented related historic data and the existing physical state of the ice house, to be used as a baseline for preventive maintenance, monitoring, and future conservation projects

SURVEY, HBIM AND CONSERVATION PLAN OF A MONUMENTAL BUILDING DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE

open4Oreni, D.; Brumana, R.; Della Torre, S.; Banfi, F.Oreni, Daniela; Brumana, Raffaella; DELLA TORRE, Stefano; Banfi, Fabrizi

THE “CARA VALLE” ABBEY AND ITS REFECTORY

The Refectory of Chiaravalle abbey, still in use today, is a masonry building (with bricks that are not common in size), vaulted and characterized by complex stratifications that required careful cognitive analysis of the documentary sources, structural and physical analysis to be understood. To this aim, an accurate 3D laser scanner and photogrammetric survey was carried out during last years in order to obtain geometric information on the building and its complex elements, in scale 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;50. Those data were also fundamental to support the mapping of the different construction phases, the transformations and the dated additions, to be compared to the archive, iconographic and photographic documents. A canal derived from the Vettabbia, which served to move the blades of the mill (now reactivated), flows right under the Refectory causing the usual phenomena of degradation. Saint Bernard had chosen this place because it was rich both in water, and therefore highly productive, and in clayey soil, which allowed the construction of the buildings of the abbey. However, today the strongly compromised irrigation and water regulation system (especially after the construction, in 2003, of the large purifier in Milano Nosedo) represents the main factor of degradation for all the buildings of the monastic complex, in particular for the Refectory.The purpose of this paper is to present the main results of the studies and surveys conducted on the Chiaravalle abbey in the last ten years, focusing in particular on the Refectory.</p

HBIM for Documentation, Dissemination and Management of Built Heritage. The Case Study of St. Maria in Scaria d'Intelvi

The research presented here is carried out within the INTERREG EU project framework, which aims to the valorisation and dissemination of the role of the Church of St. Maria di Scaria (Como, Italy). It mainly focuses on the Carloni's intervention (XVIII century), a local family of craftsmen, famous across many European cities and regions contributing to the construction of monuments and their rich decoration apparatus. The laser scanning and photogrammetric surveys have been integrated with the on-site stratigraphic analysis and with the scarcely available historical documents, in an attempt to focus on the reconstruction of the main transformations and chronological phases: BIM approach has been experimented as a way of transmitting a piece of the history of the church life to the local people and for tourist purposes. A Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) has been developed while investigating the potential of an object library specially generated to illustrate the structural elements, the construction technologies, and the decorative layers, along with the critical aspects faced by standard BIM in a complex geometry shift from surface approach to object modeling. The research contributes to the explanation of the sequence and construction technologies adopted for the vault system, the first two vaults of the nave, with respect to the vault covering the altar and the apse. The HBIM approach development is analysed to help the generation of a vocabulary and an abacus of elements to be geographically referenced across Europe to disseminate typical construction elements and skills. </jats:p

OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH FOR 3D ARCHAEOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION

Documentation on archaeological fieldworks needs to be accurate and time-effective. Many features unveiled during excavations can be recorded just once, since the archaeological workflow physically removes most of the stratigraphic elements. Some of them have peculiar characteristics which make them hardly recognizable as objects and prevent a full 3D documentation. The paper presents a suitable feature-based method to carry on archaeological documentation with a three-dimensional approach, tested on the archaeological site of S. Calocero in Albenga (Italy). The method is based on one hand on the use of structure from motion techniques for on-site recording and 3D Modelling to represent the three-dimensional complexity of stratigraphy. The entire documentation workflow is carried out through digital tools, assuring better accuracy and interoperability. Outputs can be used in GIS to perform spatial analysis; moreover, a more effective dissemination of fieldworks results can be assured with the spreading of datasets and other information through web-services

AUTOMATIC FAÇADE SEGMENTATION FOR THERMAL RETROFIT

Abstract. In this paper we present an automated method to derive highly detailed 3D vector models of modern building facades from terrestrial laser scanning data. The developed procedure can be divided into two main steps: firstly the main elements constituting the facade are identified by means of a segmentation process, then the 3D vector model is generated including some priors on architectural scenes. The identification of main facade elements is based on random sampling and detection of planar elements including topology information in the process to reduce under- and over-segmentation problems. Finally, the prevalence of straight lines and orthogonal intersections in the vector model generation phase is exploited to set additional constraints to enforce automated modeling. Contemporary a further classification is performed, enriching the data with semantics by means of a classification tree. The main application field for these vector models is the design of external insulation thermal retrofit. In particular, in this paper we present a possible application for energy efficiency evaluation of buildings by mean of Infrared Thermography data overlaid to the facade model

COMBINED GEOMETRIC AND THERMAL ANALYSIS FROM UAV PLATFORMS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

The aim of this work is to study the value and potential of UAV technology as an instrument for documenting and analyzing a heritage site on both the detailed scale and the wider territorial scale. In particular, this paper will focus on the application of an UAV platform on the archeological site of Isola Comacina (Comacina Island), in the Lago di Como (Lake Como, Lombardy, Northern Italy). The work considers the advantages of different metric scales and the use of both RGB and thermal imagery, along with other terrestrial data (total station measurements and laser scans), in order to arrive at a working heritage information model. In particular, the archaeological remains on Isola Comacina have been intensively studied before by standard techniques but unfortunately no wider context is provided. A part of the research is the investigation of new methodologies offered by accurate geometric reconstructions combined with thermal imagery acquired by means of UAV platforms, e.g. the support of this type of imagery to discover rock formations partially buried

BASILICA DI SAN GIACOMO IN COMO (ITALY): DRAWINGS AND HBIM TO MANAGE ARCHEOLOGICAL, CONSERVATIVE AND STRUCTURAL ACTIVITIES

This paper aims at presenting the recording and modelling work developed in the framework of restoration and conservation activities for the Basilica di San Giacomo in Como, Italy, whose construction started in the 11th century. The project started in 2022 and involved the application of the Historical Building Information Model (HBIM) methodology through a Scan-to-BIM approach was assessed. High-detailed 3D survey techniques were used to acquire the specific shape of the church and annexed buildings. Then, through different modelling strategies, the HBIM environment allowed the representation of all the architectural elements. The purpose of this model is to have essential support to plan the restoration activities and to give the different experts involved a single three-dimensional tool for managing all the information during the development of the construction works. The possibility to update the model over time with geometric and non-geometric information will provide a powerful tool also for other future activities, such as the installation of a monitoring system that could reveal the displacements of bearing elements of the church