Growth Model of the Russian Economy on the Basis of Productivity of Aggregate Labor: a Cognitive Approach

The article discusses the performance category of cumulative work on the basis of modern models of economic growth of Russia. The key problem of economic policy in conditions of crisis is determined. The advantages of introducing system of management of artificial intelligence and the balanced scorecard are given. The proposed by authors graphical interpretation of the three stages models of economic growth, with emphasis on the cognitive component of the study of economic growth is presented. The author’s brief description of the elements of modern growth model of the Russian economy through increased productivity is given

Age-related changes in the primary auditory cortex of newborn, adults and aging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are located in the upper cortical layers

Introduction: The auditory system of dolphins and whales allows them to dive in dark waters, hunt for prey well below the limit of solar light absorption, and to communicate with their conspecific. These complex behaviors require specific and sufficient functional circuitry in the neocortex, and vicarious learning capacities. Dolphins are also precocious animals that can hold their breath and swim within minutes after birth. However, diving and hunting behaviors are likely not innate and need to be learned. Our hypothesis is that the organization of the auditory cortex of dolphins grows and mature not only in the early phases of life, but also in adults and aging individuals. These changes may be subtle and involve sub-populations of cells specificall linked to some circuits. Methods: In the primary auditory cortex of 11 bottlenose dolphins belonging to three age groups (calves, adults, and old animals), neuronal cell shapes were analyzed separately and by cortical layer using custom computer vision and multivariate statistical analysis, to determine potential minute morphological differences across these age groups. Results: The results show definite changes in interneurons, characterized by round and ellipsoid shapes predominantly located in upper cortical layers. Notably, neonates interneurons exhibited a pattern of being closer together and smaller, developing into a more dispersed and diverse set of shapes in adulthood. Discussion: This trend persisted in older animals, suggesting a continuous development of connections throughout the life of these marine animals. Our findings further support the proposition that thalamic input reach upper layers in cetaceans, at least within a cortical area critical for their survival. Moreover, our results indicate the likelihood of changes in cell populations occurring in adult animals, prompting the need for characterization

Areas of forming of innovative component of international competitiveness of steel products manufacturers

Орєхова, Т. В. Напрямки формування інноваційної складової міжнародної конкурентоспроможності світових виробників металургійної продукції / Т. В. Орєхова, М. А. Гнилорибов // Теоретичні і практичні аспекти економіки та інтелектуальної власності = Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Economics and Intellectual Property : збірник наукових праць : у 2-х вип. / ПДТУ. – Маріуполь, 2015. – Вип. 2, Т. 2. – С. 27–33.У даній статті узагальнено існуючі підходи до класифікації системоутворюючих елементів міжнародної конкурентоспроможності компаній. Запропоновано авторське бачення системи детермінант, що формують сучасну міжнародну конкурентоспроможність виробників промислової продукції. Авторами відзначено, що в даний час, незважаючи на важливість виробничого потенціалу компанії, на перший план у світовій конкурентоспроможності виходять нецінові фактори. На основі досвіду провідних міжнародних компаній зазначено, що зростання продуктивності в умовах обмеженості ресурсів досягається за рахунок безперервної інноваційної діяльності. Узагальнено основні тенденцій розвитку світового ринку чорних металів, серед яких найбільш вагомими є: повільна зміна лідерів, висока значущість сталеплавильного комплексу для оборонного потенціалу низки країн, збереження провідної ролі металу серед конструкційних матеріалів. В роботі визначено основні напрями забезпечення ефективності роботи сталеварної промисловості України. Авторами статті приділено увагу провідній ролі у формуванні сучасної міжнародної конкурентоспроможності виробників металопродукції запровадженню інноваційних технологій «зеленого» виробництва. Визначено основні напрями формування інноваційної складової міжнародної конкурентоспроможності світових лідерів у виробництві металу.В данной статье обобщены существующие подходы к классификации системообразующих элементов международной конкурентоспособности компаний. Предложено авторское видение системы детерминант, формирующих современную международную конкурентоспособность производителей промышленной продукции. Авторами отмечено, что в настоящее время, несмотря на важность производственного потенциала компании, на первый план в мировой конкурентоспособности выходят неценовые факторы. На основе опыта ведущих международных компаний указано, что рост производительности в условиях ограниченности ресурсов достигается за счет непрерывной инновационной деятельности. Обобщены основные тенденции развития мирового рынка черных металлов, среди которых наиболее значимыми являются: медленная смена лидеров, высокая значимость сталеплавильного комплекса для оборонного потенциала ряда государств, сохранение ведущей роли металла среди конструкционных материалов. Определены основные направления обеспечения эффективности работы сталелитейной промышленности Украины. Авторами статьи уделено внимание ведущей роли в формировании современной международной конкурентоспособности производителей металлопродукции внедрению инновационных технологий «зеленого» производства. Определены основные направления формирования инновационной составляющей международной конкурентоспособности мировых лидеров в производстве металла.This article summarizes existing approaches to classification of backbone elements of international competitiveness of companies. It offers the author vision of the system of determinants that shape contemporary international competitiveness of industrial products manufacturers. The authors pointed out that at present, despite the importance of the productive capacity of the company to the forefront of global competitiveness out non-price factors. Based on the experience of leading international companies it is stated that growth of productivity with limited resources is achieved by continuous innovation. Overview of the main trends of the world ferrous metals market is given. Indicated main directions of providing efficiency of steel industry in Ukraine, including the slow change of leadership, the importance of high steelsmelting complex for the defense potential of a number of countries, the preservation the leading role among the metal structural materials The authors paid attention to the leading role of introduction of innovative "green" production technologies in the formation of modern international competitiveness of steel manufacturers. Determined the main innovative component in forming the international competitiveness of the world leaders in the production of the metal

Transition from Fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated Outflow in Three-Episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronom

60 лет Стоматологическому факультету ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова

60th anniversary of the Faculty of Dentistry of Pavlov University.История стоматологии в России неразрывно связана с Петроградом – Ленинградом – Санкт-Петербургом. Первые зубные врачи появились в Петербурге, первая школа зубоврачевания появилась в Петербурге, один из первых стоматологических институтов в СССР появился в Ленинграде, один из крупнейших стоматологических факультетов в СССР с всероссийским распределением выпускников появился в Ленинграде. В 1899 году в Женском медицинском институте (в будущем 1ЛМИ) была создана первая кафедра одонтологии (стоматологии) в России, которую возглавил первый профессор-стоматолог России Александр Карлович Лимберг. В 1886 году он зачисляется на службу в Императорское человеколюбивое общество. В мае 1891 года защищает диссертацию на степень доктора медицины «Современная профилактика и терапия костоеды зубов». Огромная заслуга А.К. Лимберга заключается в том, что ему удалось обосновать необходимость высшего медицинского образования для зубных врачей и добиться положительного решения в министерстве народного просвещения. С этого времени повысился уровень практической подготовки зубных врачей, и проблемы одонтологии получили достойное научное развитие. Сегодня стоматологический факультет 1-го ЛОТКЗМИ им. акад. И.П. Павлова (1-го Ленинградского Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени медицинского института имени академика И.П. Павлова), теперь Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И.П. Павлова отмечает свой юбилей – 60 лет в строю. Это те вехи, которые прошел стоматологический факультет за годы своего существования.Авторы заявили об отсутствии потенциального конфликта интересов.Авторы подтверждают, что соблюдены права людей, принимавших участие в исследовании, включая получение информированного согласия в тех случаях, когда оно необходимо, и правила обращения с животными в случаях их использования в работе. Подробная информация содержится в Правилах для авторов

Transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow in the three-episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray burst (GRB) physics . Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis , suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the Band function , consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux dominated at the central engine and probably in the emission region as well . There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component , suggesting a probable hybrid jet composition . Here, we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-ray and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each sub-burst being approximately 0.8 s, 35 s and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L ≈ 4 × 10 erg s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.B.-B.Z. thanks Y.-Z. Fan, Y.-Z. Wang, H. Wang, K. D. Alexander and D. Lazzati for helpful discussions. We are grateful to K. Hurley, I. Mitrofanov, A. Sanin, M. Litvak and W. Boynton for the use of Mars Odyssey data in the triangulation. We acknowledge the use of the public data from the Swift and Fermi data archives. B.-B. Z. and A.J. C.-T. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry Projects AYA2012-39727-C03-01 and AYA2015-71718-R. Part of this work made use of B.-B.Z.'s personal Interactive Data Language (IDL) code library ZBBIDL and personal Python library ZBBPY. The computation resources used in this work are owned by Scientist Support LLC. B.Z. acknowledges NASA NNX14AF85G and NNX15AK85G for support. Z. G. D. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) (grant 11573014). Y.-D. H. acknowledges support by China Scholarships Council (grant 201406660015). Mini-MegaTORTORA belongs to Kazan Federal University, and the work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. A. P., E.M., P. M. and A.V. are grateful to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 17-02-01388) for partial support. A. P. and S.B.P. acknowledge joint BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) grant RFBR 17-52-80139 and 388-ProFChEAP for partial support. R. I. is grateful to grant RUSTAVELI FR/379/6300/ 14 for partial support. Observations on Mini-MegaTORTORA are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-50-00043). A.V.F. and A. M. thank the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-50-00043). L.M. and A.F.Z. acknowledge support from INTA-CEDEA ESAt personnel hosting the Pi of the Sky facility at the BOOTES-1 station. H. G. and X.-Y.W. acknowledge NSFC (grants 11603003 and 11625312, respectively). Z. G. D., X.-F. W., B.Z., X.-Y. W.,L.S. and F.-W.Z. are also supported by the 973 program (grant 2014CB845800). F.-W.Z. is also supported in part by the NSFC (grants U1331101 and 11163003), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant 2013GXNSFAA019002) and the project of outstanding young teachers' training in higher education institutions of Guangxi. L.S. acknowledges support by the NSFC (grant 11103083) and the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program (grant 11361140349). S.O. acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust. S.J. acknowledges support from Korea Basic Science Research Program through NRF-2014R1A6A3A03057484 and NRF-2015R1D1A4A01020961, and I. H. P. through NRF-2015R1A2A1A01006870 and NRF-2015R1A2A1A15055344. R. A., D. F. and D. S. acknowledge support from RSF (grant 17-12-01378). A. K. acknowledges the Science and Education Ministry of Kazakhstan (grant 0075/GF4).Peer reviewe

Transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow in three-episode GRB 160625B [submitted version]

The ejecta composition of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is an open question in GRB physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Some others show an essentially feature-less non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, which can be interpreted as synchrotron radiation in an optically thin region, suggesting a Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three dramatically different isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being ∼ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. The high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity Lp,iso∼4×1053 erg/s) of this GRB allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to the main burst and extended emission. Interestingly, the spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, which allow us for the first time to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation in a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet

Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Deficits in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Gene Knockout Mice

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen. Extensive in vivo studies of PDGF and its receptor (PDGFR) genes have reported that PDGF plays an important role in embryogenesis and development of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, PDGF and the β subunit of the PDGF receptor (PDGFR-β) have been reported to be associated with schizophrenia and autism. However, no study has reported on the effects of PDGF deletion on mice behavior. Here we generated novel mutant mice (PDGFR-β KO) in which PDGFR-β was conditionally deleted in CNS neurons using the Cre/loxP system. Mice without the Cre transgene but with floxed PDGFR-β were used as controls. Both groups of mice reached adulthood without any apparent anatomical defects. These mice were further examined by conducting several behavioral tests for spatial memory, social interaction, conditioning, prepulse inhibition, and forced swimming. The test results indicated that the PDGFR-β KO mice show deficits in all of these areas. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical study of the PDGFR-β KO mice brain indicated that the number of parvalbumin (calcium-binding protein)-positive (i.e., putatively γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic) neurons was low in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Neurophysiological studies indicated that sensory-evoked gamma oscillation was low in the PDGFR-β KO mice, consistent with the observed reduction in the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons. These results suggest that PDGFR-β plays an important role in cognitive and socioemotional functions, and that deficits in this receptor may partly underlie the cognitive and socioemotional deficits observed in schizophrenic and autistic patients