Transcriptome analyses throughout chili pepper fruit development reveal novel insights into the domestication process

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important crop, as well as a model for fruit development studies and domestication. Here, we performed a time-course experiment to estimate standardized gene expression profiles with respect to fruit development for six domesticated and four wild chili pepper ancestors. We sampled the transcriptomes every 10 days from flowering to fruit maturity, and found that the mean standardized expression profiles for domesticated and wild accessions significantly differed. The mean standardized expression was higher and peaked earlier for domesticated vs. wild genotypes, particularly for genes involved in the cell cycle that ultimately control fruit size. We postulate that these gene expression changes are driven by selection pressures during domestication and show a robust network of cell cycle genes with a time shift in expression, which explains some of the differences between domesticated and wild phenotypes

Cytokine and microbiota profiles in obesity-related hypertension patients

BackgroundSystemic arterial hypertension is linked to a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. In Mexico, nearly half of adults in vulnerable conditions experience hypertension. Imbalance in the oral and intestinal microbiota composition has been observed in patients with hypertension, documented by a decrease of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, which play a critical role in blood pressure regulation.AimTo examine the cytokines’ profile and assess the characteristics of oral and gut microbiota in obesity-related hypertension in Mexican patients.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study was carried out. Twenty-two patients were categorized by their body mass index (BMI) as overweight and obese, and the diagnosis of primary hypertension. DNA from supragingival dental plaque and feces samples was used to carry out 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, 13 cytokines were quantified.ResultsIn the oral microbiota, Kluyvera was found to be significantly enriched in obese compared to overweight patients. Instead, the gut microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes. However, the correlation between certain genera and proinflammatory cytokines was noted.ConclusionThis exploratory study provides insights into the complex relationship between the oral and gut microbiota and their association with systemic inflammation in obesity-related hypertension

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

Collapse of conical granular columns

This paper experimentally analyzes the collapse of conical granular columns made out of non-cohesive granular materials. Dimensionless run-out lengths were found, as a function of the aspect ratio a, similar to those occurring in the collapse of cylindrical columns, although in the case of conical columns of high aspect ration, at the end of the collapse, a layer of grains that rotates around the cone axis appears and it affects the final profiles of the mounds

Collapse of conical granular columns

This paper experimentally analyzes the collapse of conical granular columns made out of non-cohesive granular materials. Dimensionless run-out lengths were found, as a function of the aspect ratio a, similar to those occurring in the collapse of cylindrical columns, although in the case of conical columns of high aspect ration, at the end of the collapse, a layer of grains that rotates around the cone axis appears and it affects the final profiles of the mounds

Distal renal tubular acidosis in two children with acquired hypothyroidism

Two cases of children diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism are presented.Case 1 developed an intestinal ileus at the age of five in the context of a respiratory problem. The tests performed confirmed metabolic acidosis, hyperchloraemia, hypokalaemia and nephrocalcinosis. Case 2 was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at the age of 11, and with RTA two years later.In both patients, the diagnosis of RTA was verified when decreased maximum urinary pCO2 was found. In case 2, a proximal bicarbonate leak (type 3 RTA) was also confirmed. This was the first case to be published on the topic.The causes of RTA in patients with hypothyroidism are reviewed. The deleterious effect on the kidneys may be due to the absence of thyroid hormone and/or autoantibodies in the cases of autoimmune hypothyroidism. Resumen: Se presentan dos casos en edad pediátrica diagnosticados de acidosis tubular renal (ATR) asociada a hipotiroidismo de causa autoinmune.El caso 1 desarrolló un íleo intestinal a los 5 años de edad en el seno de un problema respiratorio. En los exámenes realizados se constató acidosis metabólica, hipercloremia, hipopotasemia y nefrocalcinosis. El caso 2 fue diagnosticado de hipotiroidismo a los 11 años de edad y 2 años después, de ATR.En ambos pacientes, se comprobó el diagnóstico de ATR al observarse una pCO2 urinaria máxima reducida. En el caso 2 se constató, además, una fuga proximal de bicarbonato (ATR tipo 3), que constituye el primer caso publicado sobre el tema.Se revisan las causas de ATR en pacientes con hipotiroidismo. El efecto deletéreo sobre el riñón puede ser debido a la propia ausencia de hormona tiroidea y/o a los autoanticuerpos en los casos de hipotiroidismo autoinmune. Keywords: Renal tubular acidosis, Hypothyroidism, Autoimmunity, Maximum urinary pCO2, Palabras clave: Acidosis tubular renal, Hipotiroidismo, Autoinmunidad, pCO2 urinaria máxim

Acidosis tubular renal distal en dos niñas diagnosticadas de hipotiroidismo adquirido

Resumen: Se presentan dos casos en edad pediátrica diagnosticados de acidosis tubular renal (ATR) asociada a hipotiroidismo de causa autoinmune.El caso 1 desarrolló un íleo intestinal a los 5 años de edad en el seno de un problema respiratorio. En los exámenes realizados se constató acidosis metabólica, hipercloremia, hipopotasemia y nefrocalcinosis. El caso 2 fue diagnosticado de hipotiroidismo a los 11 años de edad y 2 años después, de ATR.En ambos pacientes, se comprobó el diagnóstico de ATR al observarse una pCO2 urinaria máxima reducida. En el caso 2 se constató, además, una fuga proximal de bicarbonato (ATR tipo 3), que constituye el primer caso publicado sobre el tema.Se revisan las causas de ATR en pacientes con hipotiroidismo. El efecto deletéreo sobre el riñón puede ser debido a la propia ausencia de hormona tiroidea y/o a los autoanticuerpos en los casos de hipotiroidismo autoinmune. Abstract: Two cases of children diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism are presented.Case 1 developed an intestinal ileus at the age of five in the context of a respiratory problem. The tests performed confirmed metabolic acidosis, hyperchloraemia, hypokalaemia and nephrocalcinosis. Case 2 was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at the age of 11, and with RTA two years later.In both patients, the diagnosis of RTA was verified when decreased maximum urinary pCO2 was found. In case 2, a proximal bicarbonate leak (type 3 RTA) was also confirmed. This was the first case to be published on the topic.The causes of RTA in patients with hypothyroidism are reviewed. The deleterious effect on the kidneys may be due to the absence of thyroid hormone and/or autoantibodies in the cases of autoimmune hypothyroidism. Palabras clave: Acidosis tubular renal, Hipotiroidismo, Autoinmunidad, pCO2 urinaria máxima, Keywords: Renal tubular acidosis, Hypothyroidism, Autoimmunity, Maximum urinary pCO