Wpływ dodatku fitazy mikrobiologicznej w żywieniu kur nieśnych na bilans fosforu oraz innych pierwiastków

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of microbial phytase addition to laying hen diet on the balance of phosphorus, calcium, manganese and zinc. Phytase supplementation caused a decrease in phosphorus excretion by 8% in the group with low-phytase diet and 21% in the group with phytase addition of 1000 FTU (one unit of phytase activity) to a diet. Phytase supplementation increased the retention of phosphorus by 31% in laying hens receiving 500 FTU and 57% in the group with phytase addition of 1000 FTU to a diet, in comparison to the group without enzyme supplementation. The level of manganese in excretion was increased by 18% in the group receiving 1000 FTU phytase, and retention decreased by 24% compared with the control group. Zinc excretion was significantly increased in the group receiving 500 FTU (P ≤ 0.01) and in the group receiving 1000 FTU phytase (P ≤ 0.05). Retention of zinc was lower (P ≤ 0.01) when the birds were fed with feed containing 500 FTU and 1000 FTU phytase (P ≤ 0.05), compared with the control group. No effect on the quantity and retention of calcium excretion was found. There was no impact of phytase supplementation on egg production and egg weight.W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące wpływu dodatku fitazy mikrobiologicznej do mieszanki pełnoporcjowej przeznaczonej dla kur nieśnych na bilans fosforu, wapnia, manganu i cynku. Dodatek fitazy wpłynął na obniżenie wydalania fosforu w kałomoczu o 8% w grupie otrzymującej paszę z mniejszym dodatkiem oraz o 21% w grupie z dodatkiem 1000 FTU fitazy. Dodatek enzymu do mieszanki zwiększył także retencję fosforu o 31% u kur nieśnych otrzymujących 500 FTU i o 57% w grupie z dodatkiem 1000 FTU fitazy w porównaniu do grupy ptaków nie otrzymujących tego enzymu. Ilość fosforu wydalanego w jajach była wyrównana we wszystkich grupach i nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic pomiędzy nimi. Kury nioski otrzymujące 1000 FTU fitazy w paszy wydalały o 18% więcej manganu w pomiocie i jednocześnie o 24% spadła jego retencja w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Ilość cynku wydalanego przez ptaki zwiększyła się w grupie otrzymującej 500 FTU (p ≤0.01) oraz w grupie otrzymującej 1000 FTU fitazy (p ≤0.05). Retencja cynku była niższa (p<0.01) w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną zarówno gdy ptaki żywiono paszą z dodatkiem 500 FTU fitazy, jak i w grupie dostającej 1000 FTU (p ≤0.05). Niezależnie od ilości dodatku badanego enzymu nie obserwowano jego wpływu na ilość oraz retencję wapnia wydalanego przez kury nioski. W doświadczeniu nie stwierdzono wpływu dodatku fitazy na nieśność oraz masę jaj

Wpływ dodatku fitazy mikrobiologicznej w żywieniu kur nieśnych na bilans fosforu oraz innych pierwiastków

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of microbial phytase addition to laying hen diet on the balance of phosphorus, calcium, manganese and zinc. Phytase supplementation caused a decrease in phosphorus excretion by 8% in the group with low-phytase diet and 21% in the group with phytase addition of 1000 FTU (one unit of phytase activity) to a diet. Phytase supplementation increased the retention of phosphorus by 31% in laying hens receiving 500 FTU and 57% in the group with phytase addition of 1000 FTU to a diet, in comparison to the group without enzyme supplementation. The level of manganese in excretion was increased by 18% in the group receiving 1000 FTU phytase, and retention decreased by 24% compared with the control group. Zinc excretion was significantly increased in the group receiving 500 FTU (P ≤ 0.01) and in the group receiving 1000 FTU phytase (P ≤ 0.05). Retention of zinc was lower (P ≤ 0.01) when the birds were fed with feed containing 500 FTU and 1000 FTU phytase (P ≤ 0.05), compared with the control group. No effect on the quantity and retention of calcium excretion was found. There was no impact of phytase supplementation on egg production and egg weight.W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące wpływu dodatku fitazy mikrobiologicznej do mieszanki pełnoporcjowej przeznaczonej dla kur nieśnych na bilans fosforu, wapnia, manganu i cynku. Dodatek fitazy wpłynął na obniżenie wydalania fosforu w kałomoczu o 8% w grupie otrzymującej paszę z mniejszym dodatkiem oraz o 21% w grupie z dodatkiem 1000 FTU fitazy. Dodatek enzymu do mieszanki zwiększył także retencję fosforu o 31% u kur nieśnych otrzymujących 500 FTU i o 57% w grupie z dodatkiem 1000 FTU fitazy w porównaniu do grupy ptaków nieotrzymujących tego enzymu. Ilość fosforu wydalanego w jajach była wyrównana we wszystkich grupach i nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic pomiędzy nimi. Kury nioski otrzymujące 1000 FTU fitazy w paszy wydalały o 18% więcej manganu w pomiocie i jednocześnie o 24% spadła jego retencja w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Ilość cynku wydalanego przez ptaki zwiększyła się w grupie otrzymującej 500 FTU (p ≤0.01) oraz w grupie otrzymującej 1000 FTU fitazy (p ≤0.05). Retencja cynku była niższa (p<0.01) w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną zarówno gdy ptaki żywiono paszą z dodatkiem 500 FTU fitazy, jak i w grupie dostającej 1000 FTU (p ≤0.05). Niezależnie od ilości dodatku badanego enzymu nie obserwowano jego wpływu na ilość oraz retencję wapnia wydalanego przez kury nioski. W doświadczeniu nie stwierdzono wpływu dodatku fitazy na nieśność oraz masę jaj

Oxidative Stability of the Meat of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Various Levels of Blackcurrant Extract (Ribes nigrum L.) during Different Time Period

In the 20 d experiment, the influence of different concentration and supplementation period of commercial blackcurrant extract (BC) in the broiler diets on the oxidative stability of breast and thigh meat, as well as selected performance indices, was investigated. A number of 120 fifteen-d-old Hubbard Flex male chicks (initial BW 363.5 ± 22.9 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: the control and four treatments (6 replicates, 4 birds per cage in each group). The BC extract was administrated to treatment groups at two concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg) and in different periods within the trial (i.e., from 15 to 35 d and from 25 to 35 d of life). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined during the 20-d experiment. At d 35, two randomly selected birds from each cage were decapitated, and pectoral and thigh muscles were collected. Extent of lipid oxidation after storage at chilling (2-3°C, 1, and 5 d) and freezing conditions (after 90 d, −18°C) was determined. The chickens’ growth performance and FCR were not affected by the concentrations and periods of BC supplementation. The enrichment of grower diet with 1.25 g/kg of BC extract reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in frozen thigh muscles (P<0.05), and this effect tended to appear (P<0.089) irrespective of duration of the supplementation period. Significant extent of lipid oxidation process was found in 1-d-chilled pectoral muscles of chickens receiving BC diet for 20 d or diet containing 2.5 g/kg of the extract. The results showed that BC extract may be an efficient source of antioxidants in chicken diet, which may increase oxidative stability of frozen dark meat. However, the conditions and ability of some polyphenols to initiate oxidation processes have not been fully understood and further studies are required

Long-Term Supplementation of Laying Hen Diets with Various Selenium Sources as a Method for the Fortification of Eggs with Selenium

The following study focuses on a comparison of the effectiveness of egg content enrichment with selenium (Se) via application of sodium selenite (Na-selenite), selenium-enriched yeast (Se-Yeast), or selenomethionine (Se-Met) in laying hen diets. Two hundred sixteen laying hens were divided into four treatments, each comprising eighteen replications, and each with three hens per cage. Animals were fed a basal diet without Se supplementation (control: selenium content 0.058 mg/kg), with the addition of Na-selenite, Se-Yeast, or Se-Met in amounts equivalent to 0.3 mg/kg of added selenium. The egg quality, the selenium content in eggs after the third and the fifth months of using Se supplementation, and the selenium level in the liver were determined. Enrichment of egg content with selenium was the most effective (382 μg/kg) via application of dietary Se-Met. Application of Na-selenite and Se-Yeast led to a similar effect on Se-accretion in egg content (255.9 and 258.9 μg/kg, respectively). Additionally, the calculated average Se concentration in one fresh egg was also higher in eggs from hens that received selenium additives in their diet and was far higher, almost three times higher for Se-Met addition, than the concentrations in controls. Se-accretion in the liver wet tissue was greater following application of Se-Yeast in the diet than following other treatments. These results indicate that the use of selenomethionine in the laying hen diet is the best method of enriching eggs with this micronutrient. In turn, the eggs obtained in this way can be an excellent source of highly bioavailable selenium in the human diet

The Thyroid Hormone and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Blood Serum and Thyroid Gland Morphology in Young Hens Fed with Different Diets, Sources, and Levels of Iodine Supply

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the level (1, 3, and 5 mg I/kg) and source of iodine (KI, Ca(IO3)2, and KIO3) on thyroid hormone and immunoglobulin concentrations in the blood serum of laying hens alongside a histological picture of the thyroid. In the first, birds were fed grain–soybean meal mixtures, and in the second, two kinds of diets based on corn–soybean or corn–soybean–rapeseed meal were applied. In the experiments, we determined the levels of the blood serum thyroid hormones fT3 and fT4, as well as the morphological structure of the thyroid gland. In the second experiment, the concentration of immunoglobulins in blood serum was assayed. In both experiments, no influence of iodine source on thyroid hormone concentration was observed. However, increasing the iodine level in the full mixture and adding rapeseed meal in both experiments caused an increase in fT3 concentration. Increasing I-addition in both experiments led to a decrease in thyroid gland follicle diameter. Rapeseed meal inclusion (at a level of 10%) to the complete hen mixture led to an increase in thyroid gland follicle diameter. Applying KIO3 as an iodine source in both experiments caused a decrease in the thyroid gland height of follicle epithelial cells. Immunoglobulin concentrations in the serum were not affected by experimental factors. The results suggest that the methodologies of studies on the bioavailability of minerals and the corresponding analytical methods require unification. The lack of such standardization makes it impossible to engage in a satisfactory discussion of the results and exchange experiences