Sources of resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) land races against ascochyta rabiei causal agent of ascochyta blight disease

WOS:000344583800042Ascochyta blight disease, caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei, is a major yield limiting factor of chickpea in Turkey and around the world. This study was conducted to identify sources of genetic resistance against chickpea blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei. For this purpose, 68 chickpea land races Of different origins were evaluated in both field and growth chamber conditions during 2008-2009 growing seassons. Two standard cultivars were used as a reference, Inci (resistant) and Canitez (susceptible). Disease severity scoring was conducted on a 1-9 rating scale 21 days after inoculation in growth chamber test and at flowering and pot filling stages in field tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference among the chickpea landraces in ascochyta blight resistance at p<0.05. None of the chickpea land races was highly resistant to the pathogen in growth chamber and field conditions. Only two landraces (10A and 28B) were moderately resistant to the disease. Some of the landraces resulted in a particular plant to exhibit no disease symptoms, indicating that the variation within chickpea land races was high. Therefore, seeds of this plant were harvested separately and preserved for further evaluations.Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Foundation Commission Gaziosmanpasa UniversityThe authors acknowledged the financial support from the Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Foundation Commission

Stability properties of certain durum wheat genotypes for major quality characteristics

Many ecological regions of Turkey are suitable for the production of durum wheat, and therefore the yield and quality of this wheat should be improved. In this study, stability properties associated with the pasta quality of 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes grown in 3 different locations (Tokat-Kazova, Diyarbakir, and Sivas-Ulas) for 2 years (2005-2006, 2006-2007) were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes were composed of 12 registered varieties and 13 advanced experimental lines. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Protein content, gluten index, sedimentation and specific sedimentation volumes, yellow pigment content, and lipoxygenase activity of the durum wheats were measured as major quality characteristics. The regression coefficient (b(i)) and mean square of deviation from regression (S(d)(2)) were employed as the stability parameters. Genotypes, growing environments, and their interactions were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01) for all investigated quality characteristics. No cultivars were determined to be simultaneously stable for all of the quality characteristics, yet some of the genotypes prevailed for certain quality characteristics. The genotypes with the same origin took part in the same group as judged by the cluster analysis. Of the advanced experimental durum wheat lines, Line - 1, Line - 7, Line - 20, and Gdem - 12, which displayed better quality characteristics than the overall means, can be used as breeding materials. Of the registered varieties, Aydin - 93, Cesit - 1252, and Gidara were determined to be stable by both parameters in certain quality characteristics

Quality characteristics of registered cultivars and advanced lines of durum wheats grown in different ecological regions of Turkey

In this study, pasta-quality-associated characteristics of 25 durum wheat genotypes were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes consisted of 13 advanced experimental lines and 12 registered cultivars that were grown in three different locations of Turkey for 2 yr. Genotype, location, year and their interactions were found to be statistically significant in terms of all investigated quality characteristics. Mean quality parameters for the genotypes varied as follows: yellowberry kernel 1.7-6.1%, pigment content 3.67-8.31 mg kg(-1), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity 12.9-27.9 EU g(-1), protein content 10.8-11.8% (14% mb), gluten index (GI) 12-61, sodium dodecyl sulphate-sedimentation volume 17.3-28.7 mL, specific sedimentation volume 1.60-2.52 mL. Of the genotypes, 10 contained gamma-gliadin 45 and six gamma-gliadin 42 proteins. Except for Zenit, none of the registered cultivars and advanced experimental lines investigated in this study were able to meet simultaneously the requirements for high-quality pasta products; yet certain experimental lines prevailing in specific quality characteristics, such as Line-Gdem-2, Line-Gdem-12 and Line-20, may be used for further breeding purposes. The results of this study also imply that grain yield and quality should be taken collectively into consideration in wheat breeding programs

Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves

The effects of long-term salt stress on the contents of chlorophyll, proline, protein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in terms of lipid peroxidation, and on the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of pea (Pisum sativum cv Rona) were investigated in field conditions. Salinity and irrigation water regime experiments were set up in pots as randomized plot experimental designs with five replications. The experiment focused on pea responses to irrigation water salinity by irrigating the crops using 6 different levels of saline water (0.7, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m(-1)) with a constant leaching fraction (LF = 0.30). The pots were located in the experimental area under a polyethylene cover which was about 1.8 m height from the surface for the purpose of eliminating rainfall effect on the experiments. Chlorophyll and protein contents were significantly decreased while accumulation of proline was enhanced with increased electrical conductivity (EC). Both MDA and H2O2 contents were reduced in the result of high salts application. All of the salt treatments increased total SOD activity significantly, as a remarkable increase in POD activity was observed especially at 5.0 and 7.0 dS/m EC. CAT and APX activities generally decreased in salt stressed seedlings. Our study indicates that its acquisition of salt tolerance may be a consequence of improved resistance to oxidative stress via increased activities of peroxidase and the superoxide dismutase/ascorbate-glutathione cycle