THE PESTS OF HORSE CHESTNUT TREE – AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L. IN ROMANIA

In 1998 the presence of the horse chestnut leaf-miner, Cameraria ohridella Deschka-Dimic was reported in Cluj- Napoca. During 2000 – 2003 research concerning the extent, biology, ecology at this micro-lepidopteron, a new pest in our country, was performed. Signaled for the fi rst time in Western area of our country (1998), then in Central (1998), Southern (1999), and Eastern (2003) part of the country, the spread year by year conquering new territories. In the clime conditions of our country, the insect had 4 generations in 2000, and 3 during 2001 – 2003, remaining in hiemal diapauses during pupae stage, inside of the silk cocoons from the galleries of larvae feeding. The fl ight of the butterfl ies from the IIIrd generation (hiemal) is recorded in the beginning of May. The Ist generation has a developmental stage during 15 May – 30 June, the IInd during 1 July – 15 August, and the IIIrd during 15 August – 15 May

RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS IN DOBROGEA

This paper aims to highlight the main characteristics of the average liquid flow of the main rivers from Dobrogea: Albeşti, Urlichioi, Biruinţa, Agi Cabul, Slava, Casimcea, Topolog, Taiţa, Cartal, Râmnic. The evidence of these is based on the processing of monthly and yearly discharges taken from the National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, with periods between 22 and 52 years. The methodology includes statistical analysis, investigations in the area and GIS techniques. The analysis highlights that the mean multiannual discharge ranged between 0.022 m³ s-1 (Urlichioi River) and 0.657 m³ s-1 (Casimcea River). The mean multiannual specific liquid discharge ranged between 0.50 l s-1 km-2 and 8.28 l s-1 km-2, the mean multiannual volume of water ranged between 0.69 million m³ and 20.73 million m³ and the mean multiannual water layer ranged between 15.64 mm and 261.38 mm. The coefficient of interannual variation of the mean discharges ranged between 0.25 and 0.66. Generally, the highest discharges were recorded in June and the lowest in November. So, the richest discharges were recorded in the summer (28.5% – 39.3% of the mean yearly volume of water) and the lowest in the winter and autumn (17% – 25% of the mean yearly volume of water)

THE PESTS OF HORSE CHESTNUT TREE – AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L. IN ROMANIA

In 1998 the presence of the horse chestnut leaf-miner, Cameraria ohridella Deschka-Dimic was reported in Cluj- Napoca. During 2000 – 2003 research concerning the extent, biology, ecology at this micro-lepidopteron, a new pest in our country, was performed. Signaled for the fi rst time in Western area of our country (1998), then in Central (1998), Southern (1999), and Eastern (2003) part of the country, the spread year by year conquering new territories. In the clime conditions of our country, the insect had 4 generations in 2000, and 3 during 2001 – 2003, remaining in hiemal diapauses during pupae stage, inside of the silk cocoons from the galleries of larvae feeding. The fl ight of the butterfl ies from the IIIrd generation (hiemal) is recorded in the beginning of May. The Ist generation has a developmental stage during 15 May – 30 June, the IInd during 1 July – 15 August, and the IIIrd during 15 August – 15 May

The follicular structures in the intermediary lobe of the bull hypophysis

As a research material we have used the hypophyses of 14 Holstein bulls aged of 3-8 years. The samples have been fixed in Orth, Carnoy, and Helly, led up to paraffin, and serially sectioned at 5 μm. We have finally obtained 420 serial sections stained through the methods Novelli, PAS, Papanicolau, MH2, Fontana, Steedman-Mowry, Bielschowsky, Bodian and Holmes. The intermediary lobe is well developed in the bull. It is always adjacent to the posterior lobe of the bull hypophysis, and separated from it by a discontinuous layer of conjunctive tissue. The follicular structures (110-360 μm), containing colloid in the lumen, were found in the intermediary lobe of 14 bull hypophysis. A thin conjunctive tissue separated these follicular structures. They formed cysts, which contained colloid. The colloid is a palestaining material, PAS-positive, and is surrounded by simple squamous or cubical epithelium. The colloid consists in a glycoprotein in the Steedman-Mowry stain. The intermediary lobe of the hypophysis makes a hormone MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), which is responsible for the expansion of melanocytes from the animals’ skin

The nuclei of the hypothalamus in cow

As a research material we have used the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complexes of 21 cows in the phases of their sexual cycle. From the 21 samples, we have obtained only ten hypothalamico-hypophyseal complexes; in 11 females, the hypothalamus has been obtained separately from the hypophysis, because of the difficulty in getting the complex of the whole. The samples have been fixed in Orth, Carnoy and Helly, led up to paraffin and serially sectioned at 5 μm. We have finally obtained 550 serial sections, stained through the methods Novelli, PAS, Fontana, Steedman-Mowry, Mikami, Bielschowsky, Bodian, Holmes and Nissl. In the cow hypothalamus, we have found the following groups of neurons: anterior (nucleus supraopticus – NSO; nucleus paraventricularis – NPV), middle (nucleus infundibularis), lateral (nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis; nucleus hypotalamicus ventromedialis) and posterior (nucleus periventricularis caudalis; nucleus premamilaris; nucleus corporis mamilaris). The name of the groups was given according to their site, compared to the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract. In the walls of the third hypothalamus ventricle in cow the neurons were localized, which elaborated the releasing hormones (RH) for the gonadotrophic hormones. These neurons have structured the nucleus infundibularis of the cow hypothalamus. The neurons were multipolar, with an average size of 10-12 μm, a 5 μm large vesiculous nucleus and nucleolated. In the neuroplasm of the axon hillock, we have found the numerous PAS-positive granules. These granules were positive in Mikami staining, got stained in blue, which demonstrated that they were of polypeptidic nature. FSH-RH and LH-RH are polypeptids and stimulated the secretions of the gonadotrophic hormones in the β-FSH and the γ-LH cells from the cow adenohypophysis

The Cytotoxic Effects of Betulin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as Stable Formulations in Normal and Melanoma Cells

Gold nanoparticles are currently investigated as theranostics tools in cancer therapy due to their proper biocompatibility and increased efficacy related to the ease to customize the surface properties and to conjugate other molecules. Betulin, [lup-20(29)-ene-3β, 28-diol], is a pentacyclic triterpene that has raised scientific interest due to its antiproliferative effect on several cancer types. Herein we described the synthesis of surface modified betulin-conjugated gold nanoparticles using a slightly modified Turkevich method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for the characterization of obtained gold nanoparticles. Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis assessment were carried out using the MTT and Annexin V/PI apoptosis assays. The results showed that betulin coated gold nanoparticles presented a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect and induced apoptosis in all tested cell lines

No cross-couplings between a collection of massless tensors with the mixed symmetry (2, 2) and a Pauli-Fierz field

Abstract Under the hypotheses of analyticity, locality, Lorentz covariance, and Poincaré invariance of the deformations, combined with the requirement that the interaction vertices contain at most two space-time derivatives of the fields, we investigate the consistent cross-couplings that can be added between a collection of massless tensor fields with the mixed symmetry (2, 2) and a Pauli-Fierz field. The computations are done with the help of the deformation theory based on a cohomological approach, in the context of the antifield-BRST formalism. Our final result is that no crosscouplings are possible. PACS number: 11.10.Ef In the past years tensor fields in exotic representations of the Lorentz group [1]- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consistent cross-couplings between a collection of massless tensor gauge fields with the mixed symmetry of the Riemann tensor and a Pauli-Fierz field. Our analysis relies on the deformation of the solution to the master equation by means of cohomological techniques with the help of the local BRST cohomology, whose component for a collection of (2, 2) fields has been considered in The starting point is given by the Lagrangian action for a finite collection of free, massless tensor fields with the mixed symmetry of the Riemann tensor and for a Pauli