Attitudes of students from the high medical college of professional studies and nurses towards people suffering from dementia

Dementia is characterized by a progressive decrease in cognitive functions, and the term includes different etiologies. Cognitive decline includes loss of memory and deterioration in executive functions, such as planning and organizing skills, sufficient to influence social activities. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the attitudes (knowledge, emotions and behaviour) of students at the High Medical College of Professional Studies and nurses towards people suffering from dementia. The study was de-signed as a qualitative study with the use of a questionnaire. The Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) was used in our study. A total of 283 respondents answered the survey: 56.25% were students, and 43.75% were nurses. The internal consistency of the DAS was found to be good with a Cronbach's α of 0.792. In the overall score for attitudes, a significant difference was found between students (100.47±10.91) and nurses (95.51±16.10). The students had a better score regarding questions describing their behaviour towards these individuals (p<0.001) and emotions for these patients (p<0.001). For knowledge, there was no difference between the two groups of subjects (p=0.901). Regarding the overall score, attitudes of students and nurses towards people with dementia were positive. This research suggested that the training of senior team members who then had dementia expertise was a key component in developing attitudes and improving care practices and outcomes for these patients. Continuous education of all medical staff who have contact with people who suffer from dementia is important

Prvi potvrđeni slučaj delta varijante SARS-CoV-2 u Srbiji

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a Betacoronavirus of 2B group that belongs to the family of Coronaviridae. Delta variant, which emerged in the Indian State of Maharashtra in December 2020, is nowadays the variant of the most widespread concern and it consists on 3 subtypes, B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.3. The transmission rate of Delta variant is 50% - 60% higherthan the Alpha variant and this variant is what currently concerns the world population. In this paper, we present the case of the first registered patient with Delta variant of COVID-19 in Serbia.Publishe

Lethal outcome in a healthy man infected with covid-19

© 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. COVID-19 is defined as a respiratory infection which is spread by droplets and immediate contact with an infected per-son. The first case of COVID-19 infection in Serbia was reported on March 6th, 2020. Herein, we present the case of confirmed COVID-19 infection in a previously healthy man, whose three other family members showed mild symptoms of coronavirus disease, without the need for hospitalization. The patient was treated at the tertiary medical center, four days after the onset of symptoms. During the hospi-talization, he developed serious complications and fatal outcome. In this case, hypoxia-induced cardiac arrest was secondary to severe COVID-19 pneumonia with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. Laboratory and flow cytome-try results indicate the presence of the cytokine storm, while the mechanical ventilation might potentially increase the risk of lethal outcome. This case report is important because it should give clinicians the insight into the treatment of the previously healthy individuals with COVID-19, especially in terms of possible laboratory markers that could indicate the presence of the cytokine storm phenom-enon

POVEZANOST IZMEĐU LABORATORIJSKIH PARAMETARA I ISHODA LEČENJA KOD KOVIDA 19

Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics and correlation of the C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Ferritin and human serum albumins, with the treatment outcome of COVID-19 infection. Methods. Our study was conducted in the Clinic for infectious diseases at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac during the time frame from November 1st 2020 to February 1st 2021. It was designed as case series and it included patients of age greater than 18 years and positive Polymerase Chain Reaction test or serological (antigen) test on SARS-COV-2 who were treated at our clinic. Results. A significant correlation was found between human serum albumins (g/L) with the outcome variable p=0.009, while correlation coefficient was 0.466. Furthermore, the lower level of albumins was significantly correlated with the intrahospital mortality, with p=0.007 and correlation coefficient 0.484. Conclusion. Our study results suggest that hypoalbuminemia could be possibly used as a significant prognostic factor for intrahospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.Publishe

Neurological Involvement in COVID-19

The respiratory system is the most common target of COVID-19, however, various experimental studies and case reports have shown its affinity for neural tissues. In this chapter, we described pathogenesis and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the nervous system, potential routes of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the brain, as well as indirect effects of COVID-19 on multiorgan disorders. We have also presented all of the reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 with an explanation of possible underlying pathways. Among patients who tested positive on SARS-CoV-2, various neurological irregularities have been described, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, neurological complications in COVID-19 patients occur within 1 and 14 days, in most cases on average on the 5th day of the incubation period. We have demonstrated all of the reported neurological findings, whereas the most commonly reported were headache, dizziness, myalgia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, and impaired consciousness. More serious neurological conditions in COVID-19 included meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke

Measures of patient exposure to ionizing radiation during interventional radiology procedures

© 2019, Serbian Medical Society. All rights reserved. Procedures used in interventional radiology brought considerable prosperity to patients when compared to traditional surgery. The negative aspect of interventional radiology procedures are effects of ionizing radiation on patients and the medical team that performs these procedures. The amount of ionizing radiation is defined as exposure, which is expressed in different measures. In order to present the effects of radiation, different types of units are used, since it is not achievable to quantify the stochastic and deterministic effects directly. Dose-area product, air kerma and fluoroscopy time are units that are used in interventional radiology, all of them are granted by the angiography machine. These units are used for the estimation of the entrance-skin dose and effective dose, which are associated with deterministic and stochastic effects, respectively. Finally, the main purpose is to obtain the absorption dose, which helps us to observe the patient exposure during interventional radiology procedures. The aim of this paper is to describe measures of patient exposure to ionizing radiation during interventional radiology procedures, using a thorough literature search

Medical error- general term and its overview in radiology

© 2018, Serbian Medical Society. All rights reserved. Mistakes in the treatment of the diseased are a part of everyday life. Both the knowledge of state law and appropriateness criteria can help the doctor to prevent complications in treatment and consequently any legal issues with patients. The term professional error is traditionally associated with the physicians' practices, and the term medical error has become established, although it can be related to the actions of any healthcare professional. Radiology occupies an important place in the world of medicine due to its significance in the fields of diagnostics and treatment. Data on professional errors in the field of radiology have been researched in the judicial practice of the Republic of Serbia, which showed no final verdict against radiologists. An extensive research of publications in the field of law and medicine was conducted, which showed that there were no published papers with this topic in the Republic of Serbia, neither as reviews nor as original studies. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the foreign literature, regardless of the type of legal system, in order to gain insight into this issue and prepare an area for research in this field. It is important to note that there has been a significant increase in the number of court proceedings due to medical errors in radiology, which can be decreased by educating radiologists, radiology technicians and patients. This is an area that will experience expansion in the upcoming years and it is therefore important to implement timely education and to prevent mistakes that can be fatal to the patient

Unusual presentation of pulmonary sarcoidosis

© 2018, Serbian Medical Society. All rights reserved. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, with ambiguous presentation. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is rare and its presentation is untypical. In this paper we present a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with unspecific presentation. In 1995, a 36-year-old pilot was presented with no previous history of any notable illness and without any symptoms. Chest radiography showed a lesion and Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed the presence of acid-resistant bacteria, after which antituberculotic therapy started. After multiple hospitalizations, in 2011, radiography showed changes in lungs that resemble sarcoidosis or tuberculous sequelae. In 2016, tuberculosis was excluded and revised pathohistological findings of granulomatous inflammation in 2003, clinical presentation and radiography findings suggested sarcoidosis with slow progression and fibrous indurative changes in upper lung lobes with the presence of low-grade lymphocyte alveolitis

Risk factors for cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

© 2020 Valentina Opancina et al. Introduction - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most grievous complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors that influence the onset of CVS that develops after endovascular coil embolization of a ruptured aneurysm. Materials and methods - The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The patients included in the study were 18 or more years of age, admitted within a period of 24 h of symptom onset, diagnosed and treated at a university medical center in Serbia during a 5-year period. Results - Our study showed that the maximum recorded international normalized ratio (INR) values in patients who were not receiving anticoagulant therapy and the maximum recorded white blood cells (WBCs) were strongly associated with cerebrovascular spasm, increasing its chances 4.4 and 8.4 times with an increase of each integer of the INR value and 1,000 WBCs, respectively. Conclusions - SAH after the rupture of cerebral aneurysms creates an endocranial inflammatory state whose intensity is probably directly related to the occurrence of vasospasm and its adverse consequences