Şehirleşmenin biyoklimatik koşullara etkisinin Ankara ölçeğinde incelenmesi

In this study the biclimatological conditions of Ankara urban area have been analyzed from the data which has been acquired from areas having different land cover and use. The hourly thermal perceptions of six meteorology stations have been calculated by using the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) index that could involve not only the meteorological parameters but also human energy balance in calculations. The spatial distribution of values has been carried out by the multiple linear regression models. At the end of the analyses it is concluded that the areas which have higher built density in urban have greater PET values than the other land use classes during the most of the day. These daily mean PET difference between these areas and the grasslands is 0.4°C -1.2°C, the parks is 2.2°C-3°C, suburban is 1.4°C -2.2°C, rural is 1.7°C -2.5°C. The differences increase during night and from May to September, and decrease during daytime and from October to April. Keywords: Thermal perception, bioclimatic conditions, land use, physiologically equivalent temperature, Ankara.Bu çalışmada Ankara şehir merkezinin, farklı arazi dokusuna sahip alanlarındaki biyoklimatik koşullar incelenmiştir. Çalışmada meteorolojik parametreler yanı sıra insan enerji dengesini de hesaplamalarına dâhil eden Fizyolojik Eşdeğer Sıcaklık (FES) dizini kullanılmıştır. 6 meteoroloji istasyonunun 2001-2010 dönemindeki saatlik termal algılama değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen değerlerin alansal dağılımı için çoklu çizgisel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre, şehir içi yüksek bina yoğunluğuna sahip alanlar, günün büyük bir bölümünde diğer arazi dokusuna sahip alanlardan daha yüksek FES değerlerine sahiptir. Bu alanlar ile orman içi açık alanlar arasında 0,4°C-1,2°C, parklar arasında 2,2°C-3°C, banliyöler arasında 1,4°C-2,2°C, kırsal alanlar arasında 1,7°C-2,5°C günlük ortalama FES farkları bulunmaktadır. Farklar mayıs-eylül arası dönemde artmakta, ekim-nisan arası dönemde ise azalmaktadır. Şehrin değişik dokularında FES farkları gece saatlerinde gündüze göre daha belirgindir

Low oxygen saturation following total correction in a patient with tetralogy of fallot and persistant left superior caval vein - How did we diagnose and manage?

Association of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with the other intracardiac pathologies such as atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular canal defect or persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), absent pulmonary valve are well known pathologies. The associated pathologies require specifi c attention during surgical treatment. In this manuscript, we present management of a four-month-old girl who was diagnosed with TOF and PLSVC but the diagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus was missed in her. Association of unroofed coronary sinus with TOF is a very rare variant of TOF pathology.Souvislost mezi Fallotovou tetralogií (tetralogy of Fallot, TOF) a jinými intrakardiálními patologiemi, jako jsou defekt septa síní (atrial septal defect, ASD), defekt síňokomorového kanálu nebo perzistentní levostranná horní dutá žíla (persistent left superior vena cava, PLSVC) i absence plicní chlopně, je dobře známa. Během chirurgického výkonu vyžadují přidružená onemocnění obzvláštní pozornost. V tomto článku popisujeme léčbu čtyřměsíční dívky s diagnózou TOF a PLSVC, u níž však byl přehlédnut nezastřešený koronární sinus. Nezastřešený koronární sinus se vyskytuje současně s TOF velmi vzácně

Space technology capacity building in support of SDG 2030 through CubeSat SharjahSat-l

The SHARJAH-SAT-1 would be the first CubeSat mission to be developed by the Sharjah Academy for Astronomy, Space Sciences, and Technology (SAASST)students and researchers, with the aim of not only designing, fabricating, testing & launching the CubeSat itself, but also building the capacities and expertise for future SAASST CubeSat missions as well. For the project, SAASST is working in close collaboration with an experienced international partner, the Istanbul Technical University, Space Systems Design and Test Laboratory which has already developed and launched 5 CubeSats into low earth orbit. Overall, the project, puts the human capacity development in its center, in support of UN SDG 2030 for an equal world

Türkiye’nin biyoklimatik koşullarının analizi

The bioclimatic conditions of Turkey have been carried out by the multi linear regression analysis of latitude, elevation and maritime parameters and monthly mean physiologically equivalent temperatures (PET) of 69 stations which has measurements between 1975 and 2008. At the end of calculations, it is concluded that the coastal areas and terrestrial lowlands (valleys and plains) has higher (5°C-25°C) PET values than the other parts of the country. The massive mountain ranges of the AnatoliaPeninsula have lower (10°C-30°C) PET values than their lower environs. The highest PET values have been observed at the terrestrial lowlands which is located in the southeastern parts of the country during the warm period (from May to September) and at the Mediterranean Sea coast during the cool period (from October to April). While for the warm period the lowest PET values have been calculated at the KaçkarMountains where is located further north and more maritime, it’s calculated at GreatAraratMountains peak for the cool period. Furthermore, as a result it is found that when latitude, elevation and maritime values increase, the PET values of the location decrease. For the 1° increase of latitude value, the annual PET means decreases 1,3°C, for the 100 m the decreasing amount of the annual PET means is 0,71°C and for each 100 km from the coast the annual PET means increase 1,08°

Ankara şehri insan biyoklimatolojisinin analizi

In this study, the Physiological Equivalent Temperatures (PET) of different land patterns in the Ankara urban area has been analyzed. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of the thermal perceptions and the grades of thermal stress caused by the thermal conditions have been determined for 00:00, 03:00, 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 and 21:00 hours during the December and July of 2010. The effects of physiographic features such as elevation, aspect, slope, and especially land use, on the PETs have also been examined. According to the analysis which is carried out by using PET thermal perception index, in the research area the thermal comfort values varies around from -6 to -11°C in winter and from 13°C to 50°C in summer. In both periods the open spaces (grasslands) of the city forests have the maximum PET values during the day. Either in December and in July the urban area (city center) has and cool island during the day and has a heat island during the night.Bu çalışmada Ankara şehir merkezi ve yakın çevresindeki farklı arazi dokularının Fizyolojik Eşdeğer Sıcaklıkları (FES) analiz edilmiştir. 2010 yılının aralık ve temmuz aylarını kapsayan çalışmada, 00:00, 03:00, 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 ve 21:00 saatlerinde gerçekleşen termal algılamaların alansal dağılımı, zamansal değişimi ve termal koşulların yol açtığı stres dereceleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Ayrıca FES’ler ve termal algılamalar üzerinde başta arazi kullanım olmak üzere, yükselti, bakı, eğim gibi fizyografik özelliklerin etkileri incelenmektedir. Çalışma alanında FES termal algılama dizini kullanılarak yapılan analizlere göre, kışın -6°C-11°C, yazın ise 13°C-50°C arasında değişen termal konfor değerleri görülmektedir. Her iki dönemde de şehir ormanlarındaki açık alanlar gündüz saatlerinde en yüksek FES değerlerine sahiptir. Gerek aralıkta gerek temmuzda gündüz saatleri boyunca şehir merkezinde soğuk, gece saatlerinde ise sıcak ada oluşmaktadır

Türkiye’de aylık 07.00, 14.00, 21.00 ortalama termal konfor koşullarının zaman-mekânsal analizi (1975-2008)

The bioclimatic conditions of Turkey have been carried out by the multi linear regression analysis of latitude, elevation and maritime parameters and monthly mean physiologically equivalent temperatures (PET) of 69 stations which has measurements at 07:00, 14.00 and 21.00 LST (local standard time) between 1975 and 2008. PET is one of the thermal comfort indexes which can included the physiological responds of human being into its calculations by air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloudiness, solar radiation. In Turkey, in the conditions which the incoming solar energy is high (at 14.00 and/or from May to September) the highest PET values have been calculated at terrestrial lowlands, at the opposite side (07:00, 21.00 and/or from October to April) the highest PET values have been found at maritime parts of the country. Furthermore, as a result it is found that when latitude, elevation and maritime values increase, the PET values of the location decrease. The changing impact of these three parameters controls the daily and monthly bioclimatological conditions of Turke

Seasonal variation of surface temperature based on land cover in AnkaraAnkara şehrinde yüzey sıcaklıklarının arazi örtüsüne göre mevsimsel değişimi

In this study, the seasonal variation of the surface temperature of Ankara urban area and its enviroment have been analyzed by using Landsat 7 image. The Landsat 7 images of each month from 2007 to 2011 have been used to analyze the annually changes of the surface temperature. The land cover of the research area was defined with supervised classification method on the basis of the satellite image belonging to 2008 July. After determining the surface temperatures from 6-1 bands of satellite images, the monthly mean surface temperatures were calculated for land cover classification for the period between 2007 and 2011. Accordşng to the results obtained, the surface temperatures are high in summer and low in winter from the air temperatures. all satellite images were taken at 10:00 am, it is found that urban areas are cooler than rural areas at 10:00 am. Regarding the land cover classification, the water surfaces are the coolest surfaces during the whole year. The warmest areas are the grasslands and dry farming areas. While the parks are warmer than the urban areas during the winter, during the summer they are cooler than artificial land covers. The urban areas with higher building density are the cooler surfaces after water bodies. ÖzetBu çalışmada, Ankara şehri ve çevresindeki yüzey sıcaklıklarının yıl içerisindeki değişimi incelenmiştir. 2007-2011 yılları arasında yılın tüm aylarına bir görüntü düşecek şekilde, Landsat 7 uydusu ile alınan görüntülerin kullanıldığı çalışmada, 2008 yılı temmuz ayı görüntüsünden kontrollü sınıflandırma yöntemiyle şehir ve çevresine ait arazi örtüsü oluşturulmuştur. Uydu görüntülerinin 6-1 termal bantından  yüzey sıcaklıkları hesap edildikten sonra, arazi örtülerinin her aya ait ortalama yüzey sıcaklıkları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen değerlere göre yüzey sıcaklıkları, hava sıcaklığına paralel olarak, yaz aylarında yüksek, kış aylarında düşüktür. Tüm uydu görüntüleri saat 10:00 (GMT+2)’da alındığı için şehir, kırsal alanlara göre düşük sıcaklıkta çıkmıştır. Arazi örtüsüne göre su yüzeyleri tüm yıl boyunca en soğuk yüzeylerdir. En sıcak yüzeyler ise mera alanları ile kuru tarım alanlarıdır. Şehir içerisindeki yeşil alanlar kış aylarında şehirden daha sıcakken, yaz aylarında şehirden daha soğuktur. Şehir alanı genel olarak, su yüzeylerinden sonra en soğuk yüzeylerden oluşmaktadır

Diminished ovarian reserve in patients with psoriasis

Objective: Psoriasis is a multi-systemic chronic inflammatory skin disease. Previous data suggests that women with some chronic inflammatory diseases have diminished ovarian reserve. This study explores ovarian reserve in patients with psoriasis. Materials and methods: We prospectively analyzed 14 female patients with psoriasis and 35 healthy age and body mass index matched controls. An interview explored demographic characteristics, obstetrical history and menstrual characteristics. Psoriatic area severity index (PASI) in patients was assessed. Estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone and with gynecologic ultrasonography, ovarian volume and antral follicular count (AFC) were measured in both study and control groups. These values were analyzed with changes of the PASI in the patient group. Results: Patients with psoriasis had significantly higher levels of FSH and FSH/LH ratio than healthy controls (p = 0.039, p = 0.005 respectively). AFC of psoriasis patients were significantly lower than healthy controls (p = 0.002).There were no significant difference among other hormone levels and ovarian volumes (p > 0.05). The hormone levels, ovarian volume and AFC were not correlated with PASI of the patients. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that patients with psoriasis may have diminished ovarian reserve. Keywords: Psoriasis, Ovarian reserve, Psoriatic area severity index, Antral follicular count, Follicle-stimulating hormon