Une revue critique du groupement tripartite du verbe Français

La grammaire française a l’habitude de repartir les verbes français en trois groupes compte tenu de leurs conjugaisons. Parmi ces trois groupes, le premier et le deuxième sont dits réguliers suite aux régularités formelles de leurs conjugaisons, alors que le troisième groupe dit irrégulier, englobe tous les autres verbes qui ne sont pas conjugués ni sur le modèle des verbes du premier groupe, ni sur celui des verbes du deuxième groupe. Un grand nombre de verbes de ce dernier groupe se conjuguent sur plusieurs radicaux, et certains sont même défectifs, c'est-à-dire qu'ils ne peuvent pas se conjuguer à tous les paradigmes temporels. En réalité, aucun groupe n'est épargné d’irrégularités, d'exceptions ou de particularités, pour peu que ce soit. Toutefois, cette étude démontre qu'un nombre important de verbes du troisième groupe -dits d'ordinaire irréguliers, peuvent être regroupés et étudiés ensemble, chaque groupe ayant une conjugaison quasi-régulière. Grace à ce constat, nous avons recensé des verbes 'du troisième groupe à 1'infinitif en «-re» au nombre statistiquement élevé, qui constituent une conjugaison régulière qu'on pourrait désigner comme la troisième conjugaison régulière, tout comme les conjugaisons des premier et deuxième groupes aux infinitifs en «-er» et «-ir», respectivement. Cette méthode statistique de regroupement des verbes du troisième groupe par leur affinité morphologique pourrait davantage alléger la problématique du classement tripartite et de la conjugaison des verbes en français.Key Words : Groupement Tripartite, Conjugaison, Régulier, Irrégulier, Paradigme

La Problématique de la Traduction de Français en Igbo: Le cas de Petit Prince d’Antoine De Sainte Exupéry

Cet article vise à examiner les problèmes qui se posent en traduisant du français (langue romane internationale de la famille indo-européenne) en igbo (langue de branche kwa de la famille nigéro-congolaise Gleason (1969, p. 361-2). L’objectif est de confronter l’organisation morphosyntaxique et sémantique des éléments linguistiques des deux langues afin de produire une traduction raisonnée et acceptable. Le texte traduit est tiré d’un roman intitulé Le Petit Prince d’Antoine De Sainte Exupéry. Nous avons sélectionné quelques énoncés suscitant des problèmes particuliers de traduction. Pour chaque énoncé, nous avons tout d’abord fait un découpage mot à mot, car selon Akakuru (2006, p. 128), ‘’’Pour appréhender le texte, seul est nécessaire une maîtrise des significations des mots indépendamment du contexte’’. Ensuite, une traduction contextualisée équivalente du message est rendue en igbo, suivie d’un commentaire de l’énoncé traduit et les procédés techniques de traduction employés. Il ressort en dernière analyse que bien que les systèmes linguistiques et culturels du français et de l’igbo soient diamétralement opposés dans tous les aspects, une traduction acceptable s’est avérée possible grâce à l’usage des procédés techniques de traduction appropriés

A Semantic and Pragmatic Analyses of Igbo Names

The paper investigated the semantic and pragmatic contents of personal names and naming in the Igbo language and culture. The objective of the paper was to examine the structure of Igbo names and analyse their semantic and pragmatic contents. The data were sourced from Igbo language speakers in the South Eastern States of Nigeria. The data cut across Standard and dialectal Igbo names. Selected personal names were grouped structurally according to their forms in the following order: lexical (or mono-morphemic) names, Noun-Noun phrasal names, Noun-Verb phrasal names, Noun-Verb Phrasal-Complement/Sentential names and Interrogation/Injunction names. The semantic and pragmatic analyses were made based on the structural data generated. The pragmatic analysis was handled by incorporating the context into the semantic contents. Findings showed that Igbo names structurally fall into three broad categories: lexical, phrasal and sentential. For Ndigbo, a name is not just a tag of identity or personal label but a story and an expression of the events and circumstances surrounding the birth of the child as well as the parents’ life experiences and world view.Keywords: personal names, Igbo, semantic content, pragmatic content, structur

A contrastive study of two varieties of Onicha and the Central Igbo language

He crux of this paper is to compare the Onicha and the Central Igbo varieties of the Igbo language. Igbo is a language spoken in south eastern Nigeria, precisely in the present Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states. It is the sole language of the Igbo ethnic group of the south east states. Igbo is also a minority language of the people of Delta, Rivers, and Edo states in the present south-south geopolitical zone. It is fraught with numerous dialects which can be arranged in clusters. Some Igbo linguists recognize merely two major dialect areas, namely Onicha (Onitsha) and Owere (Owerri) on which this study is based. The objective of the paper is to present the morphosyntactic and phonological analyses of the two lects (by comparing them) in order to highlight their similarities and differences. It is observed that there are variations in the speech forms of the Central and the Onicha Igbo varieties. These variations are attested both in the lexical and the morphosyntactic domains

Derivations in Ọni̩cha Igbo

The paper examined derivation as one of the word formation processes in the Ọnịcha variety of Igbo. Derivation is defined in the literature as one of the productive processes of word formation. It is achieved in Ọnịcha mainly through the process of affixation. This paper studied derivation in the dialect through the processes of affixation. Starting with preliminary statements on the dialect and its locality, the paper proceeded to discuss with examples the various processes of derivation in the dialect. The study revealed that prefixation is very productive in the derivation of words in the dialect. It also disclosed that tone plays a vital role in distinguishing grammatical constructions in the Igbo language.Keywords: derivation, prefixation, affixation, interfixation, O̩ni̩ch

Sound alternations and communication effectiveness among certain Igbo-English speakers of Anambra State

The paper examines sound alternations or interchange of sounds in some English words as realized by Igbo-English speakers of some communities in Anambra State. Discussing language acquisition in children, Chomsky (1965:200-201) observes that every normal child is genetically endowed with the language faculty which incorporates grammatical principles of Universal Grammar (UG). These innate universal principles have two functions namely: (a) enable children to acquire language quite successfully even though no special care is taken to teach them and no special attention is given to their progress and (b) constrain the application of every grammatical operation in every language. Despite the genetic endowment of humans with language faculty, the linguistic performance in English of some Igbo native speakers wobbles even after series of formal education. The major difficulty of these Igbo-English speakers is in the articulation of some sounds that are positionally interchanged in English words. Sometimes, the interchange causes communicative barriers as it produces a different meaning to the intended meaning of the speaker. This paper highlights the occurrence of the sound alternations in English words and discusses the resultant communicative barrier of the phenomenon, also referred to as interference. Various samples of words containing the alternated sounds are produced; each speaker’s actualizations of the words are placed side by side with his intended realizations of the same words. Evidence from the analyses of the word samples shows that the interlocutor is often misled and deceived when he/she relies completely on the actual realizations of the locutor

Factors influencing the success of business-IT alignment : a study of South African firms

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-138).This study investigated the factors influencing the success of business-IT alignment in South African firms while taking into consideration the coverage of the requisite dimensions and paradigms of business-IT alignment. The impacts of the South African business operating environment and the industry sector of firms on the success factors for business-IT alignment were also examined. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with 10 CIOs of major firms in five industry sectors - major retail, food and beverages, higher education, governmental organisation, and financial services

Prevalence of vaginal group-b-streptococcus, antibiotic and antigen sensitivity amongst parturients at the Federal Medical Center Owerri, Nigeria

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the principal agents of early onset neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis with significant morbidity for newborns and parturients.Aim: This study was done to determine the prevalence of vaginal group B streptococcus amongst parturients in FMC Owerri. It also aimed to elucidate the antibiotic sensitivity of the strains of GBS isolated while comparing the sensitivity of antigen detection tests of GBS to culture.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at the labour ward and lying-in units of the Federal Medical Center, Owerri,from February 2015 to October, 2015. It involved one hundred and eighty (180) women recruited systematically. Two swab samples, high vaginal and rectal were collected from the parturients intrapartum and cultured. The babies were examined and weighed immediately after delivery, seen on the second and tenth days after delivery for features of fever or any other complaints.Results: The overall prevalence of GBS amongst parturients was found to be 6.1%. Prevalence of vaginal colonization was 3.3% and that of the rectum was 2.8%, (2c=0.1282, df=1,p=0.502). Neonates with colonized mothers all had complaints of fever postpartum which was statistically significant (=55.86, df=1, p<0.001). All the microbes showed 100% sensitivity to penicillin G, erythromycin, gentamycin and ceftriaxone. Antibiotic resistance was discovered in augmentin (67%), Cloxacillin (55.6%) and ofloxacin (33.3%). Antigen detection tests gave Sensitivity=100%, specificity=96.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 64.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) =100%. Detection in both vaginal (=60.290,p=0.000) and rectal (=50.799,p=0.000) samples were statistically significant.Conclusion: The prevalence of GBS in parturients in the Centre is low. Strains of GBS isolated amongst the sampled population in FMC Owerri had a high sensitivity to penicillin G, erythromycin, gentamycin and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Antigen detection method for screening of GBS though very sensitive is however not specific with a significant false positive detection rate due to antigen cross reaction. It is however recommended that antigen detection be employed as intrapartum measure in high risk cases to reduce turnover time whilst supported by culture results later. There was associated significant neonatal sequaelae and further research to establish causal relationship will be advised.Keywords: Prevalence, Group B streptococcus, colonization, antibiotic, antigen sensitivit

Uptake of post‑abortion contraception among women who had manual vacuum aspiration at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri: A 5‑year review

Background: Unexpected or unplanned pregnancy poses a major public health challenge in women of reproductive age, especially in low resource countries. Post‑abortion contraception is one of the key methods of reducing maternal mortality globally.Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the uptake of contraception among women who received post‑abortion care following spontaneous or induced abortion at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri.Materials and Methods: This study was a 5‑year retrospective study that involved 480 women who received post‑abortion care from January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2013 in the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri.Results: The overall uptake of contraception among the study population was 79.8%. This was found to be 78.7% among nulliparous women whereas an uptake of 80.9% was seen among parous women. The age range was from 15 to 46 years with a mean age of 28.5 ± 3.5 years. Women aged between 20 and 39 years accounted for 94% of the study population. While 77.9% accepted to use the barrier method, 20.2% did not accept any method of contraception. Incomplete abortion contributed to 81.3% of the total cases.Conclusion: The uptake of contraception was high at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. It was found to be higher with the parous women than nulliparous women. Most of the women were between 20 and 39 years and were highly sexually active; therefore, reinforcing the importance of contraception from time to time among this age group will help reduce the incidence of unplanned/unwanted pregnancies, and thus, the morbidities and mortality associated with abortion.Keywords: Abortion; contraception; manual vacuum aspiratio

Admission hypothermia in preterm infants seen at a public tertiary hospital, south-western Nigeria

Background: Hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in neonates particularly in preterm infants who may need referral to tertiary centres to access care. The study aimed to document the incidence and characteristics of admission hypothermia in preterm infants seen in the neonatal unit of our hospital. Methods: A retrospective study reviewing the 1-year clinical records of admissions into our neonatal unit. Core temperature is routinely taken for all babies at admission with a low-reading digital thermometer. Hypothermia was defined as temperature <36.5℃; and subclassified into mild (36.0-36.4℃), moderate (32.0-36.0℃) and severe (<32℃). Statistical analysis was with Chi square analysis, student’s t-test, and Spearman correlation. P was set at 0.05. Results: During the study period, 278 babies were admitted into our neonatal unit of which 87 (31.3%) were preterm and 191 (68.7%) were term. The incidence of admission hypothermia in preterm infants was 35.6% and 15.2% in term babies (p=0.0003). There was a higher incidence of hypothermia in outborn (62%) compared to inborn babies (52%) (p=0.71). A strong positive correlation existed between the degree of hypothermia and both the gestational age and birthweights of the preterm infants; for mild hypothermia, p=0.002 while for moderate hypothermia, p=0.000. There was a higher mortality in preterms with hypothermia compared to those without hypothermia (p=0.22). Conclusions: A high incidence of admission hypothermia in preterm infants is reported in this study. Commencing immediate kangaroo mother care for preterm infants irrespective of the place of birth could help address this problem