An Unbiased Survey for Molecular Clouds in the Southern Galactic Warp

We have made an unbiased survey for molecular clouds in the Galactic Warp. This survey, covering an area of 56 square degrees at l = 252 deg to 266 deg and b = -5 deg to -1 deg, has revealed 70 molecular clouds, while only 6 clouds were previously known in the region. The number of molecular clouds is, then, an order of magnitude greater than previously known in this sector at R > 14.5 kpc. The mass of the clouds is in a range from 7.8x10(2) Mo to 8.4x10(4) Mo, significantly less than the most massive giant molecular clouds in the inner disk, ~10(6) Mo, while the cloud mass spectrum characterized by a power law is basically similar to other parts of the Galaxy. The X factor, N(H2)/Wco(12CO), derived from the molecular clouds in the Warp is estimated to be 3.5(+/-1.8) times larger than that in the inner disk. The total molecular mass in the Warp is estimated as 7.3x10(5) Mo, and total mass in the far-outer Galaxy (R > 14.5 kpc) can be estimated as 2x10(7) Mo. The spatial correlation between the CO and HI distribution appears fairly good, and the mass of the molecular gas is about 1% of that of the atomic gas in the far-outer Galaxy. This ratio is similar to that in the interarm but is ten times smaller than those of the spiral arms. Only 6 of the 70 Warp clouds show signs of star formation at the IRAS sensitivity and star formation efficiency for high-mass stars in the Warp is found to be smaller than those in other molecular clouds in the Galaxy.Comment: 29 pages, including 12 (pages of) figures, accepted for PASJ, and will be published in PASJ Vol.57, No.6. Tables and color-figures are available on-line: http://www.a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~masa/study/nakagawa_etal2005_warp.pd

Catalogue of 12CO(J=1-0) and 13CO(J=1-0) Molecular Clouds in the Carina Flare Supershell

We present a catalogue of 12CO(J=1-0) and 13CO(J=1-0) molecular clouds in the spatio-velocity range of the Carina Flare supershell, GSH 287+04-17. The data cover a region of ~66 square degrees and were taken with the NANTEN 4m telescope, at spatial and velocity resolutions of 2.6' and 0.1 km/s. Decomposition of the emission results in the identification of 156 12CO clouds and 60 13CO clouds, for which we provide observational and physical parameters. Previous work suggests the majority of the detected mass forms part of a comoving molecular cloud complex that is physically associated with the expanding shell. The cloud internal velocity dispersions, degree of virialization and size-linewidth relations are found to be consistent with those of other Galactic samples. However, the vertical distribution is heavily skewed towards high-altitudes. The robust association of high-z molecular clouds with a known supershell provides some observational backing for the theory that expanding shells contribute to the support of a high-altitude molecular layer.Comment: To be published in PASJ Vol. 60, No. 6. (Issued on December 25th 2008). 35 pages (including 13 pages of tables), 7 figures. Please note that formatting problems with the journal macro result in loss of rightmost data columns in some long tables. These will be fixed in the final published issue. In the meantime, please contact the authors for missing dat

Multipole correlations of t2gt_{\rm 2g}-orbital Hubbard model with spin-orbit coupling

We investigate the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional $t_{\rm 2g}$-orbital Hubbard model including an atomic spin-orbit coupling by using numerical methods, such as Lanczos diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group. As the spin-orbit coupling increases, we find a ground-state transition from a paramegnetic state to a ferromagnetic state. In the ferromagnetic state, since the spin-orbit coupling mixes spin and orbital states with complex number coefficients, an antiferro-orbital state with complex orbitals appears. According to the appearance of the complex orbital state, we observe an enhancement of $\Gamma_{4u}$ octupole correlations.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl., Proceedings of ICHE2010 (September 17-20, 2010, Hachioji, Japan

Changes in plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and their association with heart failure have been reported in subjects with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Purpose: To examine and compare plasma BNP levels and diastolic and systolic dysfunction in subjects with AECOPD and s table chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In all,87 unselected consecutive hospitalizations due to AECOPD in 61 subjects and a total of 190 consecutive subjects with stable COPD were recruited. Plasma BNP levels were compared cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were also performed in the hospitalized subjects. Results: In the hospitalized subjects, the median plasma BNP level (interquartile range) was 55.4 (26.9–129.3) pg/mL and was higher than that of patients with stable COPD: 18.3 (10.0–45.3)for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade I; 25.8 (11.0–53.7) for grade II; 22.1 (9.1–52.6) for grade III; and 17.2 (9.6–22.9) pg/mL for grade IV, all P,0.001. In 15 subjects studied prospectively, the median plasma BNP level was 19.4 (9.8–32.2) pg/mL before AECOPD, 72.7 (27.7–146.3) pg/mL during AECOPD, and 14.6 (12.9–39.0) pg/mL after AECOPD (P,0.0033 and P,0.0013, respectively). Median plasma BNP levels during AECOPD were significantly higher in ten unsuccessfully discharged subjects 260.5 (59.4–555.0) than in 48 successfully discharged subjects 48.5(24.2–104.0) pg/mL (P=0.0066). Only 5.6% of AECOPD subjects were associated with systolic dysfunction defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),50%; a further 7.4% were considered to have impaired relaxation defined as an E/A wave velocity ratio,0.8 and a deceleration time of E.240 ms. BNP levels were weakly correlated with the E/peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (Ea) ratio (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient =0.353,P =0.018), but they were not correlated with the LVEF (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient =−0.221,P = 0.108). Conclusion: A modest elevation of plasma BNP is observed during AECOPD. It appears that AECOPD may have an impact on plasma BNP levels that is not attributable to heart failure

Cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Calculation for Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates

A rotating bosonic many-body system in a harmonic trap is studied with the 3D-Cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method at zero temperature, which has been applied to nuclear many-body systems at high spin. This method is a variational method extended from the Hartree-Fock theory, which can treat the pairing correlations in a self-consistent manner. An advantage of this method is that a finite-range interaction between constituent particles can be used in the calculation, unlike the original Gross-Pitaevskii approach. To demonstrate the validity of our method, we present a calculation for a toy model, that is, a rotating system of ten bosonic particles interacting through the repulsive quadrupole-quadrupole interaction in a harmonic trap. It is found that the yrast states, the lowest-energy states for the given total angular momentum, does not correspond to the Bose-Einstein condensate, except a few special cases. One of such cases is a vortex state, which appears when the total angular momentum $L$ is twice the particle number $N$ (i.e., $L=2N$).Comment: accepted to Phys. Rev.

Superconductivity emerging near quantum critical point of valence transition

The nature of the quantum valence transition is studied in the one-dimensional periodic Anderson model with Coulomb repulsion between f and conduction electrons by the density-matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the first-order valence transition emerges with the quantum critical point and the crossover from the Kondo to the mixed-valence states is strongly stabilized by quantum fluctuation and electron correlation. It is found that the superconducting correlation is developed in the Kondo regime near the sharp valence increase. The origin of the superconductivity is ascribed to the development of the coherent motion of electrons with enhanced valence fluctuation, which results in the enhancement of the charge velocity, but not of the charge compressibility. Statements on the valence transition in connection with Ce metal and Ce compounds are given.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Surmounting Chemotherapy and Radioresistance in Chondrosarcoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Chondrosarcoma, a primary malignancy of bone, has eluded successful treatment with modern chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. To date, surgical resection of these tumors remains the only curative treatment offered to patients with this diagnosis. Understanding and exploring the nature of chemotherapy and radiation resistance in chondrosarcoma could lead to new molecular targets and more directed therapy for these notoriously difficult-to-treat tumors. Here we review the most current hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms mediating chemotherapy and radiation resistance and the future direction of chondrosarcoma therapy research

The ALMA Discovery of the Rotating Disk and Fast Outflow of Cold Molecular Gas in NGC 1275

We present ALMA Band 6 observations of the CO(2-1), HCN(3-2), and HCO$^{+}$(3-2) lines in the nearby radio galaxy / brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of NGC 1275 with the spatial resolution of $\sim20$ pc. In the previous observations, CO(2-1) emission was detected as radial filaments lying in the east-west direction. We resolved the inner filament and found that the filament cannot be represented by a simple infalling stream both morphologically and kinematically. The observed complex nature of the filament resembles the cold gas structure predicted by recent numerical simulations of cold chaotic accretion. A crude estimate suggests that the accretion rate of the cold gas can be higher than that of hot gas. Within the central 100 pc, we detected a rotational disk of the molecular gas whose mass is \sim10^{8} M_{\sun}. This is the first evidence of the presence of massive cold gas disk on this spatial scale for BCGs. The disk rotation axis is approximately consistent with the axis of the radio jet on subpc scales. This probably suggests that the cold gas disk is physically connected to the innermost accretion disk which is responsible for jet launching. We also detected absorption features in the HCN(3-2) and HCO$^{+}$(3-2) spectra against the radio continuum emission mostly radiated by $\sim1.2$-pc size jet. The absorption features are blue-shifted from the systemic velocity by $\sim$300-600~km~s$^{-1}$, which suggests the presence of outflowing gas from the active galactic nucleus (AGN). We discuss the relation of the AGN feeding with cold accretion, the origin of blue-shifted absorption, and estimate of black hole mass using the molecular gas dynamics.Comment: Version 2 (accepted version). 18 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap