Detection of EBOV antibodies, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>(A) Sera samples from 3 EVD survivors, 10 documented EVD contacts, and 6 control HCWs were subjected to LFn-EBOV-GP1 and LFn-EBOV-sGP Western blot analysis. +, positive control. Molecular size marker units are kDa. EVD, Ebola virus disease. Control HCWs, control healthcare workers.</p

Ex vivo CD8+ and CD4+ cellular reactivity to EBOV LFn fusion proteins, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>CD8+ and CD4+ cells from the EVD survivors and documented EVD contacts were treated with the LFn-EBOV fusion proteins and the IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ responses were detected by LFn ELISPOT ex vivo experiments. Individual and mean CD8+ IFN-γ+ (A) and TNF-α+ (B) and CD4+ IFN-γ+ (C) and TNF-α+ (D) responses are shown. Dotted lines represent the cut-off value. Control HCWs, control healthcare workers. *, p<0.05.</p

Detection of EBOV antibodies, 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo.

<p>(A) Representative image of reactive LFn-EBOV-GP and LFn-EBOV-sGP Western blot analysis in 9 sera collected in surrounding areas of the 1976 Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. +, positive control. Molecular size marker units are kDa. EVD, Ebola virus disease.</p

qRT-PCR, antigen ELISA, and serology results, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>qRT-PCR, antigen ELISA, and serology results, Lagos, Nigeria.</p

Serology results, 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo.

<p>Serology results, 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo.</p

Cellular immune responses, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>PBMC samples from the EVD survivors, documented EVD contacts, and control HCWs were treated with the LFn-EBOV fusion proteins and the IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ cellular responses were detected by LFn ELISPOT ex vivo experiments. Representative image of IFN-γ (A) and TNF-α (B) cellular responses when stimulated with the LFn-Ebola virus fusion proteins. NP, LFn-EBOV-NP. VP40, LFn-EBOV-VP40. GP1, LFn-EBOV-GP1. LFn, negative control. PHA, phytohemaglutanin, positive control.</p

Ex vivo cellular reactivity to EBOV LFn fusion proteins, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>PBMC samples from the EVD survivors and documented EVD contacts were treated with the LFn-EBOV fusion proteins and the IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ cellular responses were detected by LFn ELISPOT ex vivo experiments. Average magnitude of convalescent IFN-γ (A) and TNF-α (B) responses are shown. Dotted lines represent the cut-off value. Control HCWs, control healthcare workers. *, p < 0.05.</p

Ex vivo ELISPOT results using the LFn-EBOV fusion proteins, Lagos, Nigeria.

<p>Ex vivo ELISPOT results using the LFn-EBOV fusion proteins, Lagos, Nigeria.</p

Molecular testing for Lassa virus at ISTH.

<p>(A) Outline of the diagnostic laboratory with pre- and post-PCR areas (“Clean” and “Dirty”, respectively). (B) Inactivation of plasma samples in a chaotropic buffer in a plexiglas box in the inactivation room. All sample manipulations were done behind a plexiglas shield. The box features a UV light source on top for decontamination. (C) Example of an RT-PCR result. From each patient sample, 140 µl and 14 µl were processed (lanes UD [undiluted] and 1∶10, respectively).</p

Virological and clinical data for Lassa fever patients.

<p>Due to a variable number of missing values, the number (n) of data points that were included in the analysis is indicated with each category.</p><p>Abbreviations:</p>a<p>Patients who were discharged after recovery.</p>b<p>Patients who died during hospitalization.</p>c<p>1+, Lassa virus RT-PCR was only positive with undiluted plasma; 2+, Lassa virus RT-PCR was positive with 1/10-volume plasma, irrespective of whether the undiluted sample was positive or not.</p>#<p>p<0.01 (PCR-positive survived vs. PCR-positive died).</p