Different impressions of other agents obtained through social interaction uniquely modulate dorsal and ventral pathway activities in the social human brain

Internal (neuronal) representations in the brain are modified by our experiences, and this phenomenon is not unique to sensory and motor systems. Here, we show that different impressions obtained through social interaction with a variety of agents uniquely modulate activity of dorsal and ventral pathways of the brain network that mediates human social behavior. We scanned brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 16 healthy volunteers when they performed a simple matching-pennies game with a human, human-like android, mechanical robot, interactive robot, and a computer. Before playing this game in the scanner, participants experienced social interactions with each opponent separately and scored their initial impressions using two questionnaires. We found that the participants perceived opponents in two mental dimensions: one represented “mind-holderness” in which participants attributed anthropomorphic impressions to some of the opponents that had mental functions, while the other dimension represented “mind-readerness” in which participants characterized opponents as intelligent. Interestingly, this “mind-readerness” dimension correlated to participants frequently changing their game tactic to prevent opponents from envisioning their strategy, and this was corroborated by increased entropy during the game. We also found that the two factors separately modulated activity in distinct social brain regions. Specifically, mind-holderness modulated activity in the dorsal aspect of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal and posterior paracingulate cortices, while mind-readerness modulated activity in the ventral aspect of TPJ and the temporal pole. These results clearly demonstrate that activity in social brain networks is modulated through pre-scanning experiences of social interaction with a variety of agents. Furthermore, our findings elucidated the existence of two distinct functional networks in the social human brain. Social interaction with anthropomorphic or intelligent-looking agents may distinctly shape the internal representation of our social brain, which may in turn determine how we behave for various agents that we encounter in our society

手関節肢位が遠位橈尺関節の安定性に及ぼす影響

We investigated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability in different wrist positions and examined the relative contribution of each ligamentous component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) to DRUJ stability. We used nine fresh-frozen cadavers. The humerus and ulna were fixed at 90° elbow flexion. The radiocarpal unit was translated relative to the ulna in dorsopalmar directions with the wrist in five positions. Displacement of the unit was measured by an electromagnetic tracking device. Magnitudes of displacement were compared between different wrist positions in various sectioning stages: ulnocarpal ligament (UCL) sectioning, radioulnar ligaments (RUL) sectioning, and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) floor sectioning. Wrist position and sectioning stage significantly influenced the displacement. In intact wrists, the displacement in wrist extension was significantly lower than that in neutral. However, after UCL sectioning, there were no longer any significant differences. After RUL sectioning, the displacement in radial deviation was significantly lower than that in neutral. Following ECU floor sectioning, there were no longer any significant differences. Thus, in intact wrists, DRUJ stability in wrist extension is likely due to tightening of the UCL. After complete RUL sectioning, DRUJ is stabilized in radial deviation due to tightening of the ECU floor.博士（医学）・甲第636号・平成27年5月28日© 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc

À la recherche d'un «équivalent» : Klossowski, son Nietzsche et Roberte

ピエール・クロソウスキー(1905-2001)の小説『歓待の掟』の「あとがき」とそのニーチェ論との間に見られるテクスト上の共通部分を手がかりに、一方は小説、他方は批評的エッセイというこの一見異なるジャンルのテクストが、「語り得ぬもの」の伝達/交感(communication)の不可能性に直面しつつ、その「語り得ぬもの」の「等価物」(équivalent)を見出すことによって伝達/交感の新たな可能性を探るという一貫した関心に貫かれていることを確認する。その上で、『歓待の掟』中の作品『ナントの勅令破棄』に見られる言語と身体の関係についての考察を行い、そこで問われている「書くこと」のあり方とその意義について明らかにする

À la recherche d\u27un «équivalent» : Klossowski, son Nietzsche et Roberte

ピエール・クロソウスキー(1905-2001)の小説『歓待の掟』の「あとがき」とそのニーチェ論との間に見られるテクスト上の共通部分を手がかりに、一方は小説、他方は批評的エッセイというこの一見異なるジャンルのテクストが、「語り得ぬもの」の伝達/交感(communication)の不可能性に直面しつつ、その「語り得ぬもの」の「等価物」(équivalent)を見出すことによって伝達/交感の新たな可能性を探るという一貫した関心に貫かれていることを確認する。その上で、『歓待の掟』中の作品『ナントの勅令破棄』に見られる言語と身体の関係についての考察を行い、そこで問われている「書くこと」のあり方とその意義について明らかにする