Fermentation as an alternative process for the development of bioinsecticides

Currently, insect pest control is carried out through the application of synthetic insecticides which have been related to harmful effects on both human and environmental health, as well as to the development of resistant pest populations. In this context, the development of newand natural insecticides is necessary. Agricultural and forestry waste or by‐products are very low‐cost substrates that can be converted by microorganisms into useful value‐added bioactive products through fermentation processes. In this review we discuss recent discoveries of compounds obtained from fermented substrates along with their insecticidal, antifeedant, and repellent activities. Fermentation products obtained from agricultural and forestry waste are described indetail. The fermentation of the pure secondary metabolite such as terpenes and phenols is also included.Fil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Achimón, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Brito, Vanessa Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Zygadlo, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Monokaryotic pleurotus sapidus strains with intraspecific variability of an alkene cleaving dyp-type peroxidase activity as a result of gene mutation and differential gene expression

The basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus produced a dye-decolorizing peroxidase (PsaPOX) with alkene cleavage activity, implying potential as a biocatalyst for the fragrance and flavor industry. To increase the activity, a daughter-generation of 101 basidiospore-derived monokaryons (MK) was used. After a pre-selection according to the growth rate, the activity analysis revealed a stable intraspecific variability of the strains regarding peroxidase and alkene cleavage activity of PsaPOX. Ten monokaryons reached activities up to 2.6-fold higher than the dikaryon, with MK16 showing the highest activity. Analysis of the PsaPOX gene identified three different enzyme variants. These were co-responsible for the observed differences in activities between strains as verified by heterologous expression in Komagataella phaffii. The mutation S371H in enzyme variant PsaPOX_high caused an activity increase alongside a higher protein stability, while the eleven mutations in variant PsaPOX_low resulted in an activity decrease, which was partially based on a shift of the pH optimum from 3.5 to 3.0. Transcriptional analysis revealed the increased expression of PsaPOX in MK16 as reason for the higher PsaPOX activity in comparison to other strains producing the same PsaPOX variant. Thus, different expression profiles, as well as enzyme variants, were identified as crucial factors for the intraspecific variability of the PsaPOX activity in the monokaryons.Fil: Krahe, NinaKatharina. Leibniz Universitat Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Berger, Ralf G.. Leibniz Universitat Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Witt, Martin. Leibniz Universitat Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Zorn, Holger. Leibniz Universitat Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Ersoy, Franziska. Leibniz Universitat Hannover; Alemani

Upgrading the nutritional value of rice bran by Solid-State fermentation with pleurotus sapidus

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of rice bran (RB) employing the edible fungus Pleurotus sapidus was investigated as a process strategy to improve the nutritional quality of this low-cost and abundant substrate. During fermentation, samples were withdrawn at different time intervals (4, 6, and 10 days) and further analyzed. Established methods were deployed to monitor the changes in nutritional composition (carbohydrates, proteins, ash, and lipids). Additionally, changes in fatty acid composition was studied as a function of culture progress. Results showed that the SSF of rice bran increased total carbohydrates from 36.6% to 50.2%, total proteins from 7.4% to 12.8%, and ash from 7.6% to 11.5%. However, the total lipid content was reduced from 48.5% to 27.8%. The fatty acid (FA) composition of RB included mainly oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids. Upon fermentation with P. sapidus, small differences were found: linoleic acid and oleic acid content were increased by 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively, while palmitic acid content was reduced by 0.8%. This study demonstrated an improvement in the nutritional quality of RB after fermentation with P. sapidus, since protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and specific FA components were increased. As a whole, our results indicate that fermented rice bran could be used as a high-quality animal feed supplement.Fil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universitat Bremen. School of Enigineerring and Science Jacobs; AlemaniaFil: Labuckas, Diana Ondina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pizzolitto, Romina Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Lahore, Marcelo. Universitat Bremen. School of Enigineerring and Science Jacobs; AlemaniaFil: Barrionuevo, Luis Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Zygadlo, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Virtual screening for functional foods against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2

The special attention was paid on the interaction between functional foods and the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, 10,870 ligands were employed and screened by the molecular docking, which involved 12 kinds of functional foods (carbohydrates, fatty acids, phospholipids, vitamin, β-sitosterol, flavonoids, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, curcumin, nootkatone, β-pinene, tincturoid, betulinic acid, and their isomers/analogs/derivatives). Then, 60 ligands were obtained with the good docking affinity. Most of them belong to quercetrin and its isomers/analogs/derivatives, which also showed the highest affinity for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The dynamic simulation indicated that quercetrin-protease and quercetrin-analog-protease showed the excellent stability. Compared with reported docking results, quercetrin should be the best inhibitor for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the green and white tea are rich in quercetrin and its isomers/analogs/derivatives, tea and relative beverages may become a good option to regulate our metabolism and help us to overcome this special time.Fil: Wang, Jiao. Northwest University; ChinaFil: Zhang, Xiaoli. Northwest University; ChinaFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Li, Binglin. Northwest University; Chin

Polyporus tenuiculus: a new naturally occurring mushroom that can be industrially cultivated on agricultural waste

Polyporus tenuiculus is a naturally occurring species from Central and South America that is consumed by different ethnic groups in the region. To determine the optimal conditions for fruiting body production, two strains were assayed on wheat straw and sawdust with or without supplements. Sixty days of incubation at 25°C were needed to produce a solid block. The highest yield was obtained with strain ICFC 383/00 grown on supplemented willow sawdust. In a second experiment the strain ICFC 383/00 and different supplements were used to improve the biological efficiency (BE) and to determine the quality traits and its biodegradation capacity. The highest yields were obtained on sawdust with 25% of supplements reaching 82.7% of BE. Supplements raised the number of flushes, generally from four to five, contributing to increased yields. The type of substrate had a significant effect on fruiting body diameters of P. tenuiculus, and the largest mushrooms were harvested on supplemented substrate with the highest BE coinciding with the highest dry matter loss in substrates. P. tenuiculus showed a capacity to degrade sawdust, causing a decrease of 67.2–74.5% in cellulose, 80.4–85.7% in hemicellulose, and 60.6–66.2% in lignin content at the end of the cultivation cycle. The decrease in hemicellulose was relatively greater than that of cellulose and lignin on supplemented substrates. This is the first report of the cultivation of P. tenuiculus on lignocellulosic waste, and it is a promising species both for commercial production and for its potential use in the degradation of other biowastes.Fil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Alberto, Edgardo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Phytochemicals from Wild Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Argentina

In the rural and indigenous communities of Argentina, medicinal plants play a very important role in the care of people?s health. Moreover, in these communities the traditional medicine is better accepted from a spiritual and cultural point of view. The number of medicinal plants collected and used by the first inhabitants of the current Argentine territory was increased with the contribution received by the European migrants related to their pharmacological or medicinal properties. Currently, the market related to the aromatic and medicinal plants has grown in urban areas as a result of increasing interest to use natural products for healthcare. In Argentina, the use of traditional medicine involves more than 60% of the population, and many of the medicinal plants are sold in pharmacies, street markets, or natural products shops. In this chapter a systematic literature survey was carried out in scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar about the research carried out on the folkloric practice versus evidence-based medicine, using medicinal plants. Thus, this chapter provides molecular, phytochemical, genetic, and pharmacological evidence to support the traditional indigenous phytotherapy practiced in Argentina. In this chapter, we have not provided information about aromatic plants that produce essential oils responsible for bioactivity.Fil: Zunino, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Fisiología Humana y Física Biomedica; ArgentinaFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Zygadlo, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Crosses between monokaryons of Pleurotus sapidus or Pleurotus florida show an improved biotransformation of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone

Several hundred monokaryotic and new dikaryotic strains derived thereof were established from (+)-valencene tolerant Pleurotus species. When grouped according to their growth rate on agar plates and compared to the parental of Pleurotus sapidus 69, the slowly growing monokaryons converted (+)-valencene more efficiently to the grapefruit flavour compound (+)-nootkatone. The fast growing monokaryons and the slow × slow and the fast × fast dikaryotic crosses showed similar or inferior yields. Some slow × fast dikaryons, however, exceeded the biotransformation capability of the parental dikaryon significantly. The activity of the responsible enzyme, lipoxygenase, showed a weak correlation with the yields of (+)-nootkatone indicating that the determination of enzyme activity using the primary substrate linoleic acid may be misleading in predicting the biotransformation efficiency. This exploratory study indicated that a classical genetics approach resulted in altered and partly improved terpene transformation capability (plus 60%) and lipoxygenase activity of the strains.Fil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Leibniz Universität Hannover. Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Plagemann, Ina. Leibniz Universität Hannover. Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Schimanski, Silke. Leibniz Universität Hannover. Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Krings, Ulrich. Leibniz Universität Hannover. Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Berger, Ralf G.. Leibniz Universität Hannover. Hannover; Alemani

Volatile organic compounds and their capacity for controlling fungal infection in humans

It is estimated that over 30% of the worlds' population has ever had a fungal infection. The most common fungal diseases are nail and skin infections, which are mainly caused by fungi of the genus Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., or Microsporum spp. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection that affects mainly nails, but can also cause foot and leg ulcerations, leading to extreme situations, such as limb amputation. Among dermatophytes, T. rubrum is mainly responsible for skin infections. Antifungal compounds, such as azoles, allylamines, and amorolfine (administered orally or topically), are usually used in the treatment of this disease. The oral mucosa and the genital tract are other targets of attack by fungal pathogens. In these cases, yeasts of the genus Candida spp. play a crucial role. It is estimated that about 75% of women have suffered Candida spp. vulvovaginitis at least once in their lives. Other opportunistic pathogenic fungi that frequently affect human health are some species belonging to the genus Cryptococcus spp. (cutaneous mycoses and opportunistic mycoses) and Aspergillus spp. (allergic reactions, keratitis and opportunistic onychomycosis). The usual problem for the treatment of these infections is the fungal resistance to azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, among other existing drugs. In this context, there is an urgent need to find out new alternatives for the treatment of fungal infections. Natural products, such as volatile organic compounds, essential oils, or their components, have shown promising antifungal activities. In this chapter, we will discuss the latest findings about the antifungal activity of volatile organic compounds, essential oils, and their individual components against fungi of clinical importance. Moreover, the structure related to the antifungal activity of these natural compounds, their mechanisms of action, and their synergistic properties will also be explored.Fil: Achimón, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Merlo, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Pizzolitto, Romina Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Dambolena, José Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Zygadlo, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Herstellung natürlicher Aromastoffe durch monokaryotische Stämme von Pleurotus sapidus unter Nutzung von Nebenströmen der Citrus‐verarbeitenden Industrie

Entsprechend dem ökonomischen Konzept „Reduzierung, Wiederverwendung und Recycling“ stellen präkursorenreiche Nebenströme der Citrus-verarbeitenden Industrie ein ideales Ausgangsmaterial für die Produktion und industrielle Anwendung von wertgesteigerten Verbindungen dar. Citrus-Nebenströme enthalten eine vergleichsweise große Menge an Monoterpenen, einschließlich (R)-Limonen und β-Myrcen. Pilze der Abteilung Basidiomycota sind in der Lage, diese Terpene in attraktive aromaaktive Substanzen zu transformieren. Zum Beispiel konnte für β-Myrcen eine Biotransformation durch den Austernseitling Pleurotus ostreatus zu dem holzig, citrusartig riechenden Aromastoff Perillen gezeigt werden.Fil: Bürger, F.. No especifíca;Fil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Krahe, N. K.. No especifíca;Fil: Fraatz, M. A.. No especifíca;Fil: Berger, R. G.. No especifíca;Fil: Zorn, H.. Universität Gießen; Alemani

Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole by solid state fermentation of Eucalyptus waste from the essential oil industry using Pleurotus ostreatus and Favolus tenuiculus

Abstract Biotechnological conversion of low-cost agro-industrial by-products, such as industrial waste or terpenes fromthe distillation of essential oils from plants into more valuableoxygenated derivatives, can be achieved by using microbialcells or enzymes. In Argentina, the essential oil industry producesseveral tons of waste each year that could be used as rawmaterials in the production of industrially relevant and valueaddedcompounds. In this study, 1,8-cineole, one of the componentsremaining in the spent leaves of the Eucalyptuscinerea waste, was transformed by solid-state fermentation(SSF) using the two edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatusand Favolus tenuiculus. As a result, two new oxygenated derivativesof 1,8-cineole were identified: 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2]octan-6-ol and 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2]octan-6-one. Additionally, changes in therelative percentages of other aroma compounds present inthe substrate were observed during SSF. Both fungal strainshave the ability to produce aroma compounds with potentialapplications in the food and pharmaceutical industriesFil: Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Rios; ArgentinaFil: Dambolena, Jose Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lucini, Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Jaramillo Mejia, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Alberto, Edgardo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Zygadlo, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentin