Household Wealth Index for the community participants.

<p>*Estimated using information on household possessions (table, radio, lantern, bicycle and iron) and food problems.</p><p>Household Wealth Index for the community participants.</p

Community interviews—Cases and Controls (A); Hospital interviews (B).

<p>Community interviews—Cases and Controls (A); Hospital interviews (B).</p

Mean private costs (US Dollar) for a whole episode of an acute febrile illness by case-control status and location.

<p>* Includes registration and consultation costs, bed costs, food costs and other costs such as soap, toilet paper, etc.</p><p>† Transport cost included only for the guardian.</p><p>ǂ Excludes 17 participants (16 Cases and 1 Control in Turiani) unable to provide detailed costs by cost category; their costs are included in Total costs.</p><p>Cases Turiani vs. Cases Kilosa: p<0.0001 for difference in private cost.</p><p>Controls Turiani vs. Controls Kilosa: p = 0.0352 for difference in private cost.</p><p>Mean private costs (US Dollar) for a whole episode of an acute febrile illness by case-control status and location.</p

Mean private hospital costs (US Dollar) and duration of admission by location and illness severity for participants interviewed at hospital.

<p>* Includes registration and consultation costs, bed costs, food costs and other costs such as soap, toilet paper, etc.</p><p>† Transport cost included only for the guardian.</p><p>≠ Missing for 1 participant</p><p>Trend p-value for total private costs by episode severity in Kilosa: p = 0.93.</p><p>Trend p-value for total private costs by episode severity in Turiani: p = 0.79.</p><p>Mean private hospital costs (US Dollar) and duration of admission by location and illness severity for participants interviewed at hospital.</p