Haplotype diversity within 16S-rRNA and <i>wsp</i> fragments of <i>Wolbachia</i> in bed bug specimens.

Haplotype diversity within 16S-rRNA and wsp fragments of Wolbachia in bed bug specimens.</p

Geographical dispersion of <i>Wolbachia</i> sp. identified in field-caught bed bug specimens in Paris and surrounding cities.

Geographical dispersion of Wolbachia sp. identified in field-caught bed bug specimens in Paris and surrounding cities.</p

Fig 1 -

A) Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree reconstructed from the 16S-rRNA sequences of Wolbachia isolates detected in various life stages (egg, larva & adult) of bed bug specimens we collected (beginning with AVC) and sequences from GenBank, B) Median-joining network for the 16S-rRNA sequences of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus specimens processed in this study.</p

Global network analysis of <i>Wolbachia</i> 16S-rRNA sequences of bed bug specimens analyzed in this study and homologous counterparts of other arthropods and nematodes collected in GenBank.

Global network analysis of Wolbachia 16S-rRNA sequences of bed bug specimens analyzed in this study and homologous counterparts of other arthropods and nematodes collected in GenBank.</p

Fig 2 -

A) Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree reconstructed from the wsp sequences of Wolbachia isolates detected in various life stages (egg, larva & adult) of bed bug specimens we collected (beginning with AVC) and sequences from GenBank, B) Median-joining network analysis of wsp sequences for the same specimens.</p

Unrooted phylogenetic tree of <i>Wolbachia</i> 16S sequences belonging to specimens we collected (named AVC) and <i>Wolbachia</i> strains reported from diverse arthropod and helminth hosts collected from GenBank.

Unrooted phylogenetic tree of Wolbachia 16S sequences belonging to specimens we collected (named AVC) and Wolbachia strains reported from diverse arthropod and helminth hosts collected from GenBank.</p

The pairwise genetic distances matrix of <i>Wolbachia</i> 16S-rRNA and <i>wsp</i> sequences.

The pairwise genetic distances matrix of Wolbachia 16S-rRNA and wsp sequences.</p

Seasonal distribution of CL in Libya.

<p><b>A.</b> Seasonal distribution of CL cases as reported by the Libyan National Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control (1995–2008). The highest peak was from November till February. <b>B.</b> Seasonal distribution of CL cases caused by <i>L.major</i> showing a peak from November till January and by <i>L.tropica</i> that peaked in February. These results are based on data collected form 1995 to 2008.</p

Molecular identification of causative CL species.

<p>Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified internal transcribed spacer 1 region (ITS1) digested with restriction enzyme <i>Hae</i>III and analysed by electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gels. Three reference strains were used for comparison; Lane 1 = <i>L. major</i>: MHOM/PS/01/ISL659, Lane 2 = <i>L. tropica</i>: MHOM/PS/02/63JnF21 and Lane 3 = <i>L. infantum</i> MHOM/TN/1980/IPT1. 1 kb = molecular size marker. All other lanes show digested PCR product from clinical materials; lanes 4–7 = <i>L. tropica</i> cases from Al Jabal Al Gharbi, Misrata and Tarhuna districts; lanes 8–11 = <i>L.major</i> cases from Tripoli, Sirt, Misrata, Al Murqub.</p

Species identification from positive slides and positive ITS1 PCR.

<p>Number of microscopically and PCR positive slides as well as the results of <i>Leishmania</i> species identification per year given for the total period from 1995 to 2008.</p