COCONUT MILK MODULATE THE ANTIGENICITY OF ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN IN BALB/C MICE

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the biochemical characteristics of coconut milk and its antigenic effect on the Balb/c mice immunized with α-lactalbumin protein, as well as its consequences on the structure of the intestinal epithelium.Methods: To achieve the objective of the study, an electrophoresis was realised on a polyacrylamide gel to determine various proteins contained in coconut milk. In addition, Lowry's method was used to determine the amount of proteins in the formula. The antigenicity of coconut milk in sera was also studied using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. For the histological study, 21 w-old mice Balb/c were used and distributed in three groups of 7 mice each. Group 1, received a standard feed with no treatment (Negative control), group 2 and 3 received respectively a standard feed (Positive control) and coconut milk for a period of 28 d after being immunized with α- lactalbumin.Results: Analysis of the data revealed that the rate of proteins of cow's milk is higher than that of the coconut milk ( p0.01). However, after carrying out the electrophoresis analysis, the coconut milk showed the absence of intact proteins. The anti α-Lactalbumin IgG titers significantly increased in positive control groups that received coconut milk (p<0.0001). Moreover, there was an increase of the intestinal villi height of mice fed with coconut milk, in the structure level of their intestinal epithelium compared to the negative control group.Conclusion: The findings of the study provide the evidence that coconut milk is a possible alternative to the cow's milk formula in case of allergy

ANTIGENICITY OF HYDROLYZED RICE FORMULA IN ANIMAL MODEL (BALB/C MICE)

Objective: The hydrolyzed formulas of bovine proteins used in the cow's milk allergy treatment contain peptides which can preserve their allergenicity. These last years, a new preparation with hydrolyzed rice proteins was marketed and could establish a useful alternative in the cases of cow's milk allergy. The objective of our work is to study the biochemical characteristics of an infantile formula based on hydrolyzed rice and its antigenic effect on the Balb/c mice immunized with α-La protein. Methods: In our work, we have realized an electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel to determine various proteins which compose this infantile formula. Lowry's method is used to determine the amount of proteins in the formula. Our work has also allowed us to study the antigenicity of the hydrolyzed rice formula using ELISA method by the use of Balb/c mice serum. Results: Our results have shown that The electrophoresis analysis of the hydrolyzed rice formula has shown the absence of protein bands and consequently the lack of intact proteins in the formula. The protein content of the hydrolyzed rice formula is close to the breast milk protein concentration which is adapted to the needs of the infant. The hydrolyzed rice formula reacts very weakly with the anti α±-La IgG. Conclusion: The commercial hydrolyzed rice formula can be adapted to cover the needs of the infant. This infantile formula was treated by technological methods to reduce the antigenic potential to prevent Allergy

EFFECT OF HYDROLYZED RICE FORMULA ON INTESTINAL STRUCTURE OF BALB/C MICE IMMUNIZED WITH COW'S MILK PROTEINS

Objective: In the last few years a new preparation with hydrolyzed rice proteins was introduced and marketed as auseful alternative in the cases of cow's milk allergy.The objective of our work is to study the consequences of hydrolyzed rice formula on the structure ofthe intestinal epithelium.Methods: For the histological study, we have used 4 weeks old 60 female mice Balb/c, weighting (19.50 ± 0.25) gand distributed as follow:Group 1A: 10 mice receiving hydrolyzed rice formulafor a period of 28 days after being immunized withnative ß-Lg.Group 1B: 10 mice continue receiving a standard feed for a period of 28 days after being immunized with native ß-Lg (Positive control).Group 2C: 10 mice receiving hydrolyzed rice formulafor a period of 28 days after being immunized withα-La protein.Group 2D: 10 mice continue receiving a standard feed for a period of 28 days after being immunized with α-La protein (Positive control).Group 3: 20 mice receiving just a standard feed with no treatment (Negative control).Results: The weight growth of all the experimental groups increases gradually with time, but the consumption ofthe hydrolyzed rice proteinscauses a decrease of the degree of evolution of thephysical weight to mice fed with this infantile formula compared with control groups. It alsocauses an increase of the intestinal villi height at the structure level of the intestinal mucous membrane of mice fed with hydrolyzed rice proteinscompared to the positive control groups. The lymphocytic infiltration of mice fed with hydrolyzed riceproteins is similar to the one in negativecontrol group.Conclusion: The preliminary results show that the hydrolyzed rice formula is a possible alternative to the cow’s milk formula in case of allergy. Further studies are needed to prove its nutritionalefficacy

An adenovirus-based vaccine manufacturing technology platform for mucosal or parenteral immunization against poultry diseases in sub-Saharan Africa

Developing novel vaccine technology platforms to respond to emergency situations such as pandemic threats or zoonotic diseases is a worldwide high priority. Public health at a global scale is frequently influenced by the risk of transmission of infectious diseases from wildlife and domestic animals. Thus, veterinary vaccination and animal health monitoring are highly relevant for the deployment of a preventative global policy in the context of “one world, one health”. In regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, farmers’ activities are frequently affected by the impact of diseases in poultry such as avian influenza and Newcastle disease (ND). ND is one of the most critical, with several outbreaks per year. Currently, protection is provided by vaccination with live vaccines produced only in embryonated eggs, with limitations related to egg supply and the possibility of virus shedding by vaccinated poultry, leading to disease in non-vaccinated birds. The purpose of this work was to develop an adenovirus (Ad) vectored vaccine platform technology suitable for the rapid adaptation to ND or other avian viral threats. The project involved the phylogenetic analysis of local isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the construction of adenoviral vectors expressing the F and HN antigens from NDV genotype VI, either as individual antigens or in bicistronic vectors. Remarkably, adenoviral rescue and generation of primary stocks was streamlined by developing a novel procedure for single step amplification in suspension cultures. Please click Download on the upper right corner to see the full abstract

0455 : Relationship of hyperglycemia to the no-reflow phenomenon in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundIt has been shown that elevated blood glucose levels on admission are associated with worse outcome in ST elevation myocardial infarction.Impaired microvascular function and no-reflow phenomenon seem to be one of the underlying mechanisms of hyperglycemia deleterious effectsAimTo establish the relationship between hyperglycemia on admission and the no-reflow phenomenonMethodsPatients presenting with acute STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. ST segment resolution was evaluated at 90 minutes in the worst lead. No-reflow was defined as a resolution of ST segment less than 50% in the worst lead at 90 minutesResults102 consecutive patients were enrolled (87 men and 15 women) with a mean age of 56.95±12.89 years. The no-reflow phenomenon was observed in 28 (27.45%) patients, their glucose level on hospital admission was significantly higher than in patients whithout no-reflow phenomenon (12.48±7.48 vs. 8.55±2.27 mmol/l; p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that hyperglycemia defined as glycemia >11mmol/L was an independent predictor factor for no-reflow (OR = 2.18, CI = 1.42 – 3.84; p = 0.002)ConclusionHyperglycemia on admission is associated with higher risk of no-reflow in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI

Optimization of rAd5 vectored Newcastle vaccine production in HEK293 at high cell densities

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and often severe global spread syndrome that affects birds including domestic poultry. It is caused by a virus belonging to the paramyxoviridae family. Indeed, an outbreak of ND can be quite severe, and is considered as a constant threat to the industry and food security worldwide. The disease can be controlled through the administration of effective vaccines. Immunizations with inactivated or live vaccines, although protective, have some eminent disadvantages. The aims of this work is the development of a vectored vaccine using a non-replicative human adenovirus vector, expressing the F antigen from Newcastle Disease Virus (rAd-F-ND) in bioreactor. The recombinant vaccine is produced using the HEK293 cell line. HEK293 cultures were carried out in suspension, first in shake flasks and then in stirred bioreactor at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 150 rpm in chemically defined media. The virus titers were determined by qPCR. To improve rAd-F-ND virus productions in HEK-293 cells, we studied the effects of the following parameters in shake flask cultures: culture media (Hycell Trans FX-H and Xell-GM), cell density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and feed (Xell-FS , Xell-GM and cell Boost 5). Please click Download on the upper right corner to see the full abstract

Effect of a hyper-protein diet on Wistar rats development and intestinal function

This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of a high-protein diet on the functional and histological structure of the intestinal epithelium. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats (180 ± 2.27 g) were divided into two groups: 1) the control group, (n = 30) were fed a normal diet of 14% protein; 2) the P50-group (n = 30) were fed a 50% protein diet. The effects of a high-protein diet were studied over a period of 2 months. Functional and morphological differences between the high-protein and control groups were compared. Internal organs (liver, stomach, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, intestine, skin, surrenal glands, white and brown adipose tissues) were removed from each sacrificed animal. The organs were weighed, and histological studies were performed on jejunal fragments. The weight of the P50 group rats increased 79%, while the weight of the control-group increased 98% (p< 0.01 0.05). The weight of the white adipose tissue, the skeleton and the skin were significantly greater in control-group rats (p< 0.01). An important modification of the epithelial structure in the intestine was observed in rats of the P50 group. The average length of their villi was significantly reduced and there was a significant increase in their IEL (p< 0.01). Our results indicate that ingestion of a protein-rich diet over a long period leads to modification of the histological structure of the intestinal epithelium, as indicated by; pronounced atrophy of mucosa; marked inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes in the chorion; and many intra-epithelial lymphocytes

Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis among childhood type 1 diabetes in Khartoum state, Sudan

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life threatening acute complication of Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of pediatric DKA at diagnosis of new-onset T1DM in Khartoum during 2000- 2017 period. Methods: The study was retrospective and involved review of medical files of children (<15 years) with T1DM in the city hospitals and diabetes centers. Results: The overall frequency of DKA among T1DM children at onset of disease diagnosis was 17.6% (173/982). The episodes of DKA increased from 26% in first 6- year period (2000-2005) to 46.3% in the last 6-year period (2011-2012; p<0.001). No significant difference in the frequency of DKA was observed according to gender (p=0.9) and age (p=0.24). Compared to other age groups, the severity of DKA (pH<7.1) was higher in pre-school children (p<0.01). Approximately, 5% of patients were complicated with cerebral edema with a mortality rate of 1.7%. Conclusion: The DKA frequency at diagnosis of childhood T1DM in Khartoum was lower than previous reports. In addition, the severity of DKA was high among pre-school age children with a relatively high mortality rate when compared to the global rate

Correction to: Developing a theory‑based behavior change intervention to improve the prescription of surgical prophylaxis

Unfortunately, the headings were not included in the initial version of this article's Abstract section, and the "Ethics Approval" was also not included. In this correction, the same was corrected. The original article has been corrected