Kaplan- Meier survival curves showing the proportion of individuals with antibody levels of >50% of the day 0 antibody level for all antigens among the different age groups and among individuals with different levels of exposure to <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i>.

<p>Kaplan- Meier survival curves showing the proportion of individuals with antibody levels of >50% of the day 0 antibody level for all antigens among the different age groups and among individuals with different levels of exposure to <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i>.</p

Longitudinal invasion inhibitory activity profiles of representative individuals.

<p>Individuals exhibited diverse invasion inhibitory activity against the 3D7 WT relative to the EBA knockout parasites overtime. Individual AD23 inhibited the EBA knockout parasites more than the parental parasite; individual AD50 inhibited the parental parasite more than the EBA knockout parasite lines.</p

Seasonal variation in overall differential inhibition of 3D7 WT and the knockout lines.

<p>There were no differences between the overall inhibition between the 3D7 WT and EBA knockout parasites through the seasons except for EBA175 knockout parasites in the months of July, October, and January. Values represent mean of all samples ± SEM.</p

Relationship between invasion inhibitory antibodies to invasion pathway ligands parasitaemia and age.

<p>(A) Effects of antibodies directed against SA-dependent or SA-independent pathways on the mean parasitaemia. “<b>A</b>”, “<b>B</b>” represent individuals with only antibody responses to SA-dependent or SA-independent pathway invasion ligands, respectively. “<b>A and B”</b> represents individuals that presented a response to both pathways. (B) Effect of age on the acquisition of antibody responses to the two invasion pathways.</p

Comparison of EBA175 and PfRh2 antibody levels between individuals that switched between invasion inhibition patterns and those with unchanging invasion patterns.

<p>Bars represent the mean antibody levels and SEM. ‘‘Switchers” represents individuals that had fluctuating invasion inhibitory patterns while ‘‘Non-switchers” represents those that had stable invasion inhibitory pattern.</p

Pattern of differential inhibition of <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> lines exhibited by individuals over time.

<p>The pie charts show the proportion of individuals that differentially inhibited 3D7WT invasion compared with 3D7 lines with genetically disrupted EBA genes (KO). The proportions of individuals with all observed outcomes are represented with various shades as shown. For example, “KO>WT only over time” means that the knock-out parasite was inhibited more than the wild-type and this was a stable pattern over time in the studied individuals.</p

Longitudinal antibody profile showing changes in antibody levels measured by ELISA and breadth of antibody responses in representative individuals over time.

<p>The scales of the y-axes on all the graphs are different due to the uniqueness of the titre values and parasitaemia of each individual. Individuals (2B and 2D) with ‘‘malaria” on some days had clinical symptoms of malaria on those occasions.</p