Allelophatic effect of prosopis africana (guill and per) taub pod powder on the germination indices of three varieties of abelmoschus esculentus (l.) Moench

The release of certain chemicals by plants has been found to significantly affect different facets of other plant life cycles, from germination through to reproduction. The study was carried out to investigate the allelopathic effect of Prosopis Africana pod powder on the germination, growth and yield attributes of three varieties of Abelmoschus esculentum. Germination indices such as germination percentage, germination rate and germination index were evaluated. Growth parameters namely; number of leaves, plant height, stem girth and leaf area were also assessed. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 16.0 version. Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to separate mean differences (P<0.05). Results revealed that the highest germination percentage, index and rate values were recorded for variety Yellen (100%, 3.447 and 0.5), respectively when treated with Prosopis Africana pod powder extract. Highest germination index values were recorded in okra varieties Yellen, Clemson spineless and NHAe when treated with 40, 60 and 40 g of the pod extract (3.447, 3.057 and 3.39) respectively. Least germination percentage, and germination index recorded in okra variety Clemson spineless and NHAe (7.22% and 0.39) respectively. Administration of 80 and 100 g of the Prosopis Africana pod powder extract resulted in a detrimental effect on the three okra varieties, thus concluded allelopathic at these concentrations

Fault Tolerant Addressing Scheme for Oxide Interconnection Networks

The symmetry of an interconnection network plays a key role in defining the functioning of a system involving multiprocessors where thousands of processor-memory pairs known as processing nodes are connected. Addressing the processing nodes helps to create efficient routing and broadcasting algorithms for the multiprocessor interconnection networks. Oxide interconnection networks are extracted from the silicate networks having applications in multiprocessor systems due to their symmetry, smaller diameter, connectivity and simplicity of structure, and a constant number of links per node with the increasing size of the network can avoid overloading of nodes. The fault tolerant partition basis assigns unique addresses to each processing node in terms of distances (hops) from the other subnets in the network which work in the presence of faults. In this manuscript, the partition and fault tolerant partition resolvability of oxide interconnection networks have been studied which include single oxide chain networks (SOXCN), rhombus oxide networks (RHOXN) and regular triangulene oxide networks (RTOXN). Further, an application of fault tolerant partition basis in case of region-based routing in the networks is included

DAMAC: A Delay-Aware MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

In a channel shared by several nodes, the scheduling algorithm is a key factor to avoiding collisions in the random access-based approach. Commonly, scheduling algorithms can be used to enhance network performance to meet certain requirements. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Delay-Aware Media Access Control (DAMAC) protocol for monitoring time-sensitive applications over multi-hop in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs), which relies on the random access-based approach where each node uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to determine channel status, switches nodes on and off to conserve energy, and allows concurrent transmissions to improve the underwater communication in the UASNs. In addition, DAMAC does not require any handshaking packets prior to data transmission, which helps to improve network performance in several metrics. The proposed protocol considers the long propagation delay to allow concurrent transmissions, meaning nodes are scheduled to transmit their data packets concurrently to exploit the long propagation delay between underwater nodes. The simulation results show that DAMAC protocol outperforms Aloha, BroadcastMAC, RMAC, Tu-MAC, and OPMAC protocols under varying network loads in terms of energy efficiency, communication overhead, and fairness of the network by up to 65%, 45%, and 726%, respectively