Chloroquine-induced Acute Dystonic Reactions after a Standard Therapeutic Dose for Uncomplicated Malaria

Acute dystonic reactions (ADR) are extrapyramidal effects that usually occur after the initiation of a wide variety of drugs or triggering factors besides neuroleptics. We report the case of a 54-year-old man who was admitted with an approximately 10-hour history of muscle twitching around the eyes, face and neck after he took the first dose of oral chloroquine phosphate (1 g [600 mg base]) prescribed for uncomplicated malaria. He was given intravenous diazepam (10 mg statum) followed by 10 mg of oral diazepam 3 times a day. The symptoms improved within 30 minutes of treatment, and he was discharged 14 hours later after a complete recovery

Knowledge, attitude, perceptions of adult males towards childhood immunizations in southwest Nigeria

Background: Immunisation is a cost effective public health intervention in reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases worldwide. In Nigeria, childhood immunisation against poliomyelitis is still bedeviled by setbacks which are multifactorial. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of adult males towards childhood immunizations in Nigeria. Methods: The research was a descriptive crosssectional study of adult males in the Ido-Osi local government area of Ekiti state, southwest Nigeria. Multistage sampling method was used to select 320 adult males for the study, and a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Statistical analysis was done using the Epi Info 4. P value <0.05 was considered asstatistically significant. Results: Mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 48.4±12.6 years with range of 20-95 years. About half (50.6%) of the respondents were in the age group 40-59 years. 79.7% were married while only 2 were single with about two-thirds of the married respondents in monogamous family type. 82.3% were willing to support childhood immunization. The association between respondents’ religion and education, and willingness to support childhood immunization was found to be statistically significant: (x 2 =51.53; df=6; p=0.0000) and (x 2 =65.48; df=6; p=0.0000) respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that the knowledge of adult males about childhood immunization was high. The perception of childhood immunization as a means of protection from certain illnesses was also common and most men were willing to support it. The support for childhood immunization was significantly affected by religionand level of education

Patterns of Ear, Nose and Throat Injuries in Ido Ekiti, Nigeria

Background/aim: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) injuries are a problem in children and adults worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns, etiological factors, management and outcomes of ear, nose and throat injuries in Ido Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective study of consecutive patients with Ear, Nose and Throat injuries that presented through accident and emergency (A&E) unit and were managed at our Centre between June 2011 and May 2013 (24 months period). Data collected included patients’ demography; type and pattern of injuries sustained, clinical presentation, causes as well as outcome of treatment. Injuries recorded were classified based on their mechanisms into RTA, falls, assault, gunshot and burns related. Results: Out of 473 patients seen in Accident and Emergency that had trauma during the study period, a total of 116 patients had ear, nose and throat related injury. Out of these about 94 patients (81.0%) were males and 22 (19.0%) were females giving a male: female ratio of 4.3:1. Their age ranged was from 2-71 years with a mean of 35.89 ± 17.24 SD years. The highest number of injuries occurred within the age group of 21-40 years accounting for 53.4%. Traders/Business accounted for 31.0% of the injured patients. The commonest cause of injury was road traffic accident in 84 (72.4%). Majority (59.5%), of the patients presents in the accident and emergency unit within 6 h of injury. Nasal injuries were the commonest in 53.6% patients. Traumatic epistaxis was the highest presentation in nasal injury whereas Bruises, abrasions, lacerations and cuts were major injuries to the ear. Wound debridement/suturing and dressings were the commonest treatment offered in 69.8% of the patients. No mortality related to ENT injuries was recorded. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain the leading cause of ear, nose and throat injuries in our center. Nasal injuries were the commonest. Majority of these injuries can be prevented through health education, public enlightenment campaigns. Early presentation is recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality

Self Ear Cleaning: Prevalence and Profile among School Children in Ekiti, Nigeria

Self-cleaning of ears with different objects is a common practice among school children with scanty report in literature. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and profile of self-ear cleaning among school children. Methods: It was a cross-sectional institutional-based study which was carried out among school children in Ekiti, south western Nigeria from January 2017, to March 2017. Results: A total of 174 students participated in this study. Their age ranged between 13 and 17 years. The highest number of participant was found at the age of 15 years. One hundred and eighteen (67.8%) of them had carried out self ear cleaning. Personal hygiene was the commonest reason for self ear cleaning in 28.8% of the students. Cotton buds were mostly used by the respondents in 51.7% of them. Injury to the external auditory canal (EAC) was the most recorded complications. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows that self-ear cleaning practices were common among school children with a prevalence of 67.8%. Cotton buds were the commonest objects used. Avoidable complications were reported among respondents. There is a need to intensify efforts on public enlightenment programme and the establishment of school health programme in our various schools

The use of preoperative radiotherapy in the management of patients with clinically resectable rectal cancer: a practice guideline

BACKGROUND: This systematic review with meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the literature and to develop recommendations regarding the use of preoperative radiotherapy in the management of patients with resectable rectal cancer. METHODS: The MEDLINE, CANCERLIT and Cochrane Library databases, and abstracts published in the annual proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology were systematically searched for evidence. Relevant reports were reviewed by four members of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group and the references from these reports were searched for additional trials. External review by Ontario practitioners was obtained through a mailed survey. Final approval of the practice guideline report was obtained from the Practice Guidelines Coordinating Committee. RESULTS: Two meta-analyses of preoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone, nineteen trials that compared preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery to surgery alone, and five trials that compared preoperative radiotherapy to alternative treatments were obtained. Randomized trials demonstrate that preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery is significantly more effective than surgery alone in preventing local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer and it may also improve survival. A single trial, using surgery with total mesorectal excision, has shown similar benefits in local recurrence. CONCLUSION: For adult patients with clinically resectable rectal cancer we conclude that: • Preoperative radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative to the previous practice of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with stage II and III resectable rectal cancer; • Both preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy decrease local recurrence but neither improves survival as much as postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Therefore, if preoperative radiotherapy is used, chemotherapy should be added postoperatively to at least patients with stage III disease

AN ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION NEEDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF USERS OF OYO STATE PUBLIC LIBRARY, NIGERIA

Information is a resource that is naturally needed in all human endeavors. One can readily infer that information is indispensable in human life, hence a basic human need, which has an over-riding significance to all and sundry. Meanwhile, no country in the world can progress without providing free public library services to the citizens. However, this study is an examination of the information needs and characteristics of users of Oyo State Public Library, Nigeria. It investigates what constitutes the information needs of the library users, what services and resources are available in the library to meet their needs, what are the characteristics of the library users and what challenges do they face in meeting their needs. The population for the study comprises all the registered users of the library. From the total population of 1020 registered users, a sample of 180 (17.6%) was drawn and used for the study. Questionnaire was used in collecting data. Out of 180 copies of the questionnaire administered, 134 (74.4%) were completed and returned. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data using frequency counts, tables and percentages. The findings showed that the majority of library users were students and they needed information that supports their education, which were sought mainly from their personal textbooks. The majority of the users obtained their needed information from library and the internet. The major constraint to accessing needed information was inadequacy of relevant materials. Periodic users’ studies and acquisition of current and relevant materials were suggested as possible solutions