Management of inputs resources in small-scale catfish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study examined management of pre-stocking, stocking and harvest activities of small-scale catfish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the needed information and descriptive statistics was use to analyze the collected data. The results show that earthen and concrete pond are the two major ponds utilized by catfish farmers. The cost of pond construction varied with size, location, soil type and the cost of materials; so most farmers rented their ponds. The dimension of earthen pond varies between 53.51m2 and 891.87m2 with a mean of 197.34±2.48m2. The dimension of concrete pond varied between 13.94m2 and 83.61m2, with a mean of 45.89 ± 8.04m2. Many (41.5%) catfish farmers financed their business with their personal savings. Most fish farms are located close to streams for steady supply of water. Most (68.5%) farmers stocked juvenile while 31.5% stocked fingerlings. Farmers fed their fish with respect to their weight, satiation or availability of feed; but majority fed twice per day. Most farmers harvest catfish twice per year. Farmers should therefore know that proper and efficient management of input variables are prerequisite for profitability in catfish production. Keywords: Earthen pond; juvenile; fingerlings; feed; Water; Profitabilit

The anterior segment of the eye in diabetes

CO Adeoti1, MA Isawumi1, AO Ashaye2, BV Olomola11Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Ophthalmology Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaPurpose: A prospective study to examine the anterior segment of the eye in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods: The anterior segments of the eyes of 181 patients with diabetes mellitus were examined. The commonest finding in the lids was warts, followed by poliosis and chalazia, and, in the conjunctiva, tortuous conjunctival vessels inferiorly (36.50%), pterygium (14.92%), and pingueculum (14.37%). Corneal sensitivity was reduced in 25 (13.80%) patients. Iris atrophy was the commonest finding in the iris. Dilatation of the pupil was delayed in 34 (18.79%) patients. Cataract was found in 119 (65.75%) patients. Forty-one (22.65%) patients had intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg. Seven (3.87%) patients, four (2.21%) patients, and one (0.55%) patient had seventh, third, and fourth palsy, respectively. No patient had sixth nerve palsy.Conclusion: Primary care physicians and other allied health care professionals who are first in contact with patients are enjoined to familiarize themselves with the anterior segment features of diabetes mellitus and take necessary action when they are detected.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, eye, anterior segmen