Ameliorative effects of boiling and methionine supplementation of raw soyabeans given to weanling rats

A research study on the nutrition values of raw soya-beans.in ameliorating the effects on anti-nutritional factors in raw soyabean were determined using Wistar rats. Six soyabean-based diets made up of three cooking durations of the seeds (uncooked, and boiled for 15 and 30 minutes) and two supplementation levels (none and supplementation with methionine) were compared. Boiling and methionine supplementation improved the nutritional value of the soyabeans as indicated by the relatively higher weights of liver, spleen, adrenal, the whole brain and brain parts of the rats. Boiling and methionine supplementation also eliminated hyperthyroidism. The relative thyroid weights of the rats on heated and/or supplemented soyabeans were 47-63 per cent of those of the rats on raw un-supplemented soyabeans. Boiling for 15 min. was sufficient to inactivate the trypsin inhibitors present in unheated soyabean. The nutritional improvement of the heated soyabeans by methionine was greater than that of the unheated soyabeans similarly supplemented

Nutrient composition, energy value and residual antinutritional factors in differently processed breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) meal

The proximate composition, carbohydrate fraction, minerals and residual anti-nutritional factors in peeled and unpeeled raw, cooked and soaked breadfruit meal were determined. Results indicated that breadfruit meals processed in various ways contained 4.31 - 4.85% crude protein, 5.00 - 5.38% crude fibre, 2.11 - 2.90% ether extract, 68.38 - 69.20% starch and 2.56 - 2.90 ash which can enhance its nutritional status. Residual anti-nutritional factors that were detected in the meals were oxalate (2.70 -3.30 mg/kg), phytic acid (0.58 - 0.75 g/100 g), tannin (6.06 - 6.70 mg/kg, trypsin inhibitor (0.00 - 21.30 TIU/mg) and haemagglutinin (0.00 - 12.30 HU/mg). The meals also had high gross energy (16.00 - 16.20Mj/kg) and metabolizable energy (13.01 - 13.74 Mj/Kg). Cooking completely eliminated trypsin inhibitor and haemagglutinin and reduced the concentration of oxalate and tannin while phytic acid was unaffected. Soaking in water reduced (P < 0.05) oxalate, phytic acid, tannin, trypsin inhibitor and haemagglutinin. Peeling, cooking and soaking improved the metabolizable energy of breadfruit meal significantly (P < 0.05). It was concluded that breadfruit meal can be a substitute for maize in poultrydiet if properly processed

Evaluation of sun-dried and roasted maggot meal as a source of protein for laying hens in the Tropics

A research paper on poultry-feed nutrition.An eight week feeding trial involving 126 Nera breed laying hens in a completely randomized block design, was carried out to evaluate sun-dried and roasted maggot meal as protein sources in laying chickens diet. The sun-dried and roasted maggot meals incorporated in the diets at levels of 0, 50 and 100 percent, in replacement of equivalents of soyabean meal and soyabean plus fish meal. There were significant effects on some performance characteristics with increasing levels of sun-dried and roasted maggot meal in the diets. Hen-day production was generally improved in the maggot-based diets but was higher in SMM diets than in RMM and control diets. Shell thickness and shell weight were significantly affected (p<.05). Egg shell weight as percent of egg weight was higher (p<0.05) for chickens-fed RMM than sun-dried maggot meal [SMM] and control diets. Egg yolk, albumin and percentage of blood/meat sport were significantly affected (p<0.05) but did not follow a specific trend attributable to the diets. Cholesterol and content of egg yolk were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by maggot meal. Maggot meal also reduced cost/kg of egg, which was slightly higher for RMM than SMM diets. The use of maggot meal as the sole protein source in laying chickens' diet is possible without detrimental effect. The reduction of egg yolk cholesterol by maggot meal is of nutritional and health importance to consumers, therefore the use of maggot meal in laying hens should be encouraged

Safety of street vended meat products - chicken and beef suya

Suya chicken (A) and beef (B) samples classified according to state: TA1 B1- raw; TA2 B2 - spiced; TA3 B3 - spiced and roasted; TA4 B4 - left over, unheated, spiced and roasted suya of the following day, TA5 B5- leftover, heated, spiced and roasted suya of the following day, were collected from three locations in Ibadan metropolis, to identify the specific microorganisms in street vended chicken and beef suya and measure the microbial count at each stage of handling from the raw state to marketing and consumption. The plate count of Escherichia coli in raw chicken (108/g) and beef suya (107/g) dropped to 106 and 103/g, respectively after processing from the University staff suya spot. In the Sabo area suyaspot samples, E. coli counts were observed in processed chicken suya (104/g), before and after heating the second day (107 and 105/g, respectively). However, neither E. coli nor Salmonella nor Shigella sp.was isolated from both types of &#8220;suya&#8221; samples from the General gas area. On the whole, E. coli counts were highest in spiced beef (3.3 x 107/g) and chicken suya (3.4 x 105/g) before roasting, whilst secondday after heating gave E. coli counts of 3.3 x 106/g. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from chicken suya (105 and 105/g and beef suya (102/g) before and after heating the following day from the University Staff Club suya spot. S. aureus was also isolated from raw, spiced, before and after heating the second day beef suya samples from Sabo. It was again isolated from the General gas area processed chicken suya (103/g), the second day before (102/g) and after heating (104/g). On the whole, S. aureus counts the second day after heating produced in beef suya 3.3 x 103/g. Shigella, Salmonella and Klebseilla sp. were not isolated from the University of Ibadan staff club suya. The situation differed from that of Sabo. Klebseilla sp. counts of 106 and 107/g from raw and spiced chicken suya dropped to zero after processing and before and after heating the second day. Beef suya microbial counts showed a high prevalence of Klebseilla sp. in raw beef suya (107/g), but then dropped after spicing and processing. It was however observed in beef &#8220;suya&#8221; the second day before and after heating (106 and 105/g, respectively). Neither Salmonella nor Shigella was isolated from both types of suya. Generally, the results showed that Klebsiella sp. had the highest count of 6.7 x 105/g in raw chicken suya samples. It was observed that microbial counts of chicken and beef suya were at levels that pose health implications for consumers

Influence of mistletoe (Viscum album) leaf meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics and biochemical profile of broiler chickens

The quest for alternatives to antibiotics has resulted in the discovery of prebiotics. The search for the alterative antibiotics is on-going. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate possible prebiotic potentials inherent in mistletoe (Viscum album) leaf meal with the aim of developing prebiotics as an alternative to antibiotics thus optimizing animal performance, carcass characteristics and a healthy blood profile as indicators of systemic conditions. Five experimental diets were formulated and mistletoe leaf meal (AMLM) was incorporated into the diets at different concentrations (0% with 0.05% antibiotics (positive control), 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% without antibiotics (negative control)). The values of body weight were not significantly different across the treatments. Live weight, bled weight, wings, drumsticks, thighs, breasts and heads were not significantly different across the treatments. Aspartate aminotransferase, globulin and creatinine contents were not significantly different across the treatments. Meanwhile, birds on AMLM-supplemented diets obtained significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of alanine aminotransferase than those on negative control diet (3.75 IU/l). Urea anood glucose contents followed a similar patotern. The AMLM could be used as alternative antibiotics in broiler production, although further studies are required to ascertain this

Weight Gain Of Broiler Chicks Fed A Maize-Soya bean Diet Supplemented With Different Levels Of Methionine, Sodium Sulphate And Sodium Sulphite

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of substituting synthetic methionine with sodium sulphate and sodium sulphite in a maize-soyabean diet fed to broiler chicks. Two hundred and forty (240) unsexed Hubbard day old broiler chicks were fed iso-caloric and iso-trogenous maize-soyabean diets(3,000kcal/kg and 22% crude protein) for four weeks. There were eight treatment groups, T1-T8, each replicated three times. T1 had no methionine,T2(the control treatment)had 3% methionine,T3 had 3% sodium sulphate,T4 had 3% sodium sulphite,T5 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphate,T6 had 1.5% methionine and 1% sodium sulphate,T7 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphite while T8 had 1.5% methionine and 1% sodium sulphite. Chicks in T6 had the highest average weekly weight gain of 106.58g while birds in T8 had the lowest average weekly weight gain(79.94g).The average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2 and T5 did not differ significantly(P>0.05) from one another. Likewise, the average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from one another. The average weekly weight gain of birds in T2, T5 and T6 also did not differ significantly (P.>0.05).The average weekly weight gain of chicks in T7 and T8 which had the lowest weight gains, also did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Treatment 6 is therefore recommended for broiler starter rations alongside T2 T5 because they did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from one another. Key words: methionine, sodium sulphate, sodium sulphite, and amino acids Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol.2(1) 2004: 84-8

Utilization of full-fat sunflower seed in the diets of broiler chicken

No Abstract

Evaluation of lead exposure using Achatina achatina (Linné 1758) at varying traffic intensity

Ecotoxicological observations on Achatina achatina (Linné, 1758) were assessed for the bioaccumulation of lead in snail carcass as induced by traffic near abandoned battery factory (Niger Delta, Nigeria). Levels of lead bioaccumulation above European Commission limit of 1.5g/g at higher traffic intensity depressed (

Proximate composition of some unfamiliar plant seeds in Nigeria - A short report

The nutrient composition of some neglected and less familiar plant seeds was studied. The seeds showed wide variation in constituents and could be compared with commonly consumed food articles. The protein content ranged írom 29.2 g /kg in Callitris intratropica to 253.5 g/kg in Percopsis elata, while the carbohydrate content was found to be between 330.5 g/kg and 734.8 g/kg in P. elata and Dracena mannii, respectively. The highest fat and fibre content of 215 g/kg and 290.5 g/kg occurred in P. elata and C. intratropica, respectively. P. elata, D. mannii and C. intratropica promises a good source of protein, carbohydrate and fibre, respectively. The legumes showed high ash content but most seeds were rich in Mg, K and F and defficient in Na and Cu. Investigation of the antin utrients and possible toxic effects of the seeds is necessary before their full utilisation