State of the art Review for Trust Maintenance in Organizations

The nature of trust is dynamic rather than static. It has a life cycle or evolutionary phases. This pattern of evolutionary phase is building, maintaining and destroying. Building trust is a hard effort in every relationship. Once trust is established, it is highly need to maintain. Trust maintenance is defined as aneffort to maximizing the benefit of such trust relationship and to avoid the level of trust drop into destroying phase. In this paper, we make a general survey of the current situation of trust maintenance research. We make a brief review based on some theoretical approaches that have been used for maintain trust. Based on that review, we draw a brief conclusion to the existing status of trust maintenance research and make some suggestions for further research in this field

GOALS, EXPECTATIONS, AND SATISFACTION IN THE MAINTENANCE OF WEIGHT LOSS

Obesity is a steadily growing epidemic with serious health related consequences. Over the last several decades, the treatment of obesity has evolved and now successfully yields weight losses of typically 5-10%. However, long-term weight loss maintenance remains elusive. Research has identified the strategies that are essential in maintaining weight loss, however an understanding of the psychological processes that drive these behaviors is lacking. It has been suggested that there is a fundamental difference between the processes that underlie the initiation of behavior change and the maintenance of these changes, and that little attention has been paid to the processes that sustain behavior change over time. The goals that individuals set, the expectations for attaining these goals, and the satisfaction associated with the outcome of these efforts may impact weight loss and weight loss maintenance. These constructs have been examined in the context of weight loss, but they have yet to be explored in the weight loss maintenance phase. This study examined the impact of goals, expectations, and satisfaction on weight loss maintenance in individuals who completed a weight loss program and were striving to maintain their weight losses. Participants included men and women (N = 67) who had recently lost at least 5% of their body weight. They were weighed and completed psychological measures at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Results indicated that there was no support for the hypothesis that goals, expectations, and satisfaction predict weight loss maintenance. In addition, goals and expectations for weight loss maintenance did not predict satisfaction with weight. Implications and future directions are discussed

Efecto mediacional de las relaciones interpersonales y la autoestima sobre la relación entre gratitud y satisfacción vital

Un creciente campo de investigación pone de manifiesto que la gratitud es un predictor clave tanto del bienestar como de la vida social. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios se han basado principalmente en el diseño transversal, que no permite hacer ninguna inferencia causal entre variables. Objetivo: Este estudio exploratorio examina la influencia de la gratitud sobre la satisfacción vital, así como evaluar el efecto mediacional de las relaciones positivas y la autoestima en una muestra de universitarios con un diseño prospectivo. Este estudio utilizó un muestreo incidental no aleatorio con un diseño de corte longitudinal a ocho semanas, en una muestra de 228 estudiantes universitarios (77 hombres, 151 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 52 años (M = 22), de un total de 563. Los participantes completaron voluntariamente un paquete de instrumentos compuestos por el cuestionario de gratitud (GQ-6) en tiempo 1 (T1), la dimensión de relaciones positivas de la escala de bienestar psicológico en T1, la escala de autoestima en T2 y la escala de satisfacción vital en T2. Utilizando un diseño prospectivo con efectos mediacionales, los resultados indicaron que la gratitud en T1 se asoció significativamente a las relaciones interpersonales positivas en T1, así como con la autoestima T2 y la satisfacción vital en T2. Además, las relaciones interpersonales positivas T1 se asociaron positivamente con la autoestima T2 y la satisfacción vital T2. Después de controlar las variables de edad y género en T1, la gratitud en T1 tuvo un efecto indirecto sobre la satisfacción vital en T2, a través de las relaciones interpersonales positivas y la autoestima

Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study reports on parent-child dynamics during initial COVID-19 related school closures, based on cross-sectional analyses of a survey that utilized a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected in April 2020, approximately five weeks after the World Health Organization declared that the Coronavirus was a pandemic. Participants (N = 405) were adults recruited throughout the U.S. This study examines data from parents (69% mothers and 31% fathers) with at least one child 0–12 years of age. The majority were White (71%) and 41% had at least a bachelor’s degree. The majority of parents (78%) were educating their child at home due to COVID-19. Most (77.1%) reported use of online tools for at-home education, including educational apps, social media, and school-provided electronic resources. More than one-third (34.7%) of parents said their child’s behavior had changed since the pandemic, including being sad, depressed, and lonely. Most parents were spending more time involved in daily caregiving of their children since COVID-19. Two out of every five parents met the PHQ-8 criteria for major depression or severe major depression (40.0%) and the GAD-7 criteria for moderate or severe anxiety (39.9%). Multivariate analyses indicated that, compared to non-depressed parents, parents who met criteria for probable major or severe depression (B = − 0.16, 95% CI = [− 0.29, − 0.02], p = .021) and parenting stress (B = − 0.37, 95% CI = [− 0.47, − 0.27], p < .001) were negatively associated with parents’ perceived preparation to educate at home. Compared to parents with minimal or mild anxiety, parents with moderate or severe anxiety reported higher child anxiety scores (B = 0.17, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.28], p = .002). Parenting stress was also positively associated with higher child anxiety scores (B = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.32, 0.48], p < .001). Content analyses of open-ended questions indicated that school closures were a significant disruption, followed by lack of physical activity, and social isolation. Overall, study results suggested that parents’ mental health may be an important factor linked to at-home education and child wellbeing during the pandemic.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166075/1/2021_Lee_CYSR Parenting Activities.pdfDescription of 2021_Lee_CYSR Parenting Activities.pdf : Main articl

Modeling the effects of a Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) on the apoptosis pathway

BACKGROUND: The lack of detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of many biowarfare agents poses an immediate challenge to biodefense efforts. Many potential bioweapons have been shown to affect the cellular pathways controlling apoptosis [1-4]. For example, pathogen-produced exotoxins such as Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF) have been shown to disrupt the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway [2,4]. To evaluate how these agents affect these pathways it is first necessary to understand the dynamics of a normally functioning apoptosis network. This can then serve as a baseline against which a pathogen perturbed system can be compared. Such comparisons can expose both the proteins most susceptible to alteration by the agent as well as the most critical reaction rates to better instill control on a biological network. RESULTS: We explore this through the modeling and simulation of the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway under normal and SEB influenced conditions. We stimulated human Jurkat cells with an anti-Fas antibody in the presence and absence of SEB and determined the relative levels of seven proteins involved in the core pathway at five time points following exposure. These levels were used to impute relative rate constants and build a quantitative model consisting of a series of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that simulate the network under both normal and pathogen-influenced conditions. Experimental results show that cells exposed to SEB exhibit an increase in the rate of executioner caspase expression (and subsequently apoptosis) of 1 hour 43 minutes (± 14 minutes), as compared to cells undergoing normal cell death. CONCLUSION: Our model accurately reflects these results and reveals intervention points that can be altered to restore SEB-influenced system dynamics back to levels within the range of normal conditions

Recurrent Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Potentially Related to AIDS and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological syndrome that is characterized by clinical features including headache, altered mental status, cortical blindness, seizures, and other focal neurological signs as well as subcortical edema without infarction on neuroimaging. Under the umbrella of hypertensive encephalopathy, PRES is defined by reversible cerebral edema due to dysfunction of the cerebrovascular blood-brain barrier unit. The pathophysiology of PRES is thought to result from abnormalities in the transmembrane flow of intravascular fluid and proteins caused by two phenomena: one, cerebral autoregulatory failure and two, loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier. PRES is not a common disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS with only three previously reported cases. Both the HIV and end-stage renal disease appear to further compromise the blood brain barrier. Although uncommon, PRES recurrence has been described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating recurrent PRES in a HIV patient on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease

Is personal growth initiative associated with later life satisfaction in Chinese college students? A 15‐week prospective analysis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151959/1/ajsp12386.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151959/2/ajsp12386_am.pd