4 research outputs found
Differential genetic stability in vineyards of the cultivar âItalyâ (
During more than 50 years the vegetative propagation has been the form of maintaining and multiplication of the cv. âItalyâ vineyards, a âBicaneâ x âMuscat Hamburgâ hybrid. In the current study, polymorphism in 17 microsatellite loci was used to evaluate the genetic stability at DNA level in vineyards of cv. âItalyâ planted in different regions of the states of ParanĂĄ and SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil. Unchanged and equal allele frequency indicating genetic stability was reported in 47% of the microsatellite loci in vineyards of six localities, while allele frequency variation has been observed in Scu15vv, Udv44, Udv74, Udv96, Udv107, Udv108, Vvmd5, Vvmd6 and Vvs3 microsatellite loci. Alleles Udv96140 and Vvs3448, detected in vines in only one of the vineyards, evidenced somatic mutations at molecular level in cv. âItalyâ. Genetic diversity, as result of changes in the allele frequencies in 53% of microsatellite loci, was detected more frequently than somatic mutations due to new alleles. Polymorphism in microsatellite loci revealed different genetic stability in vineyards of cv. âItalyâ cultivated in six different Brazilian regions and indicated vineyards with less genetic stability as a possible source of somatic mutants, showing traits of agronomic interest with a potential to generate new cultivars
Esterase isozymes patterns of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) are altered in response to fungicide exposure
Current analysis characterizes the effect of different fungicides often applied for pest control on a-and b-esterase patterns of four economically important table-wine grape cultivars (Italia, Rubi, Benitaka and Brasil) of Vitis vinifera. The a- and b-esterase patterns in bud leaves of the cultivars were assessed by native PAGE analysis. Cabrio TopÂź compound inhibited Est-2, Est-5, Est-6, Est-7, Est-8, Est-9 and Est-10 carboxylesterases, whereas Est-4, Est-11, Est-12, Est-13, Est-14 acetylesterases and Est-16 carboxylesterase were detected as weakly stained bands. Carboxylesterases and acetylesterases were also detected as weakly stained bands when exposed to fungicides Orthocide 500Âź, Positron DuoÂź and Folicur PMÂź. No changes in a- and b-esterase patterns were reported when the vines were exposed to the fungicides Rovral SCÂź, Kumulus DFÂź, Curzate MÂź, ScoreÂź or Cuprogarb 500Âź. The evidence of functional changes in carboxylesterase and acetylesterase levels in current study is a warning to grape producers on the dangers inherent in the indiscriminate use of potent and modern fungicides extensively used in agriculture. The inhibition effect of fungicides on esterase isozyme molecules seems to be independent of the fungicide chemical.Â
retrotransposon and
Somatic mutations in grapes are relatively frequent and associated with diversity in grape skin color and berry morphology. Mutations that occur on a side branch of the âBenitakaâ cultivar with rosy-red berry skin color generated the âBrasilâ cultivar, and mutations that occurred on a side branch of âBrasilâ generated the âBlack Starâ cultivar, both showing a black color in the berry skin. Therefore, genetic characterization of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene in âItaliaâ, âRubiâ, âBenitakaâ, âBrasilâ, and âBlack Starâ was started to find whether the altered coloration of berries in âBrasilâ and âBlack Starâ is a product of different mutation patterns in the investigated sequences. Six primer combinations were used for the amplification of different sequences of the Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene of the five cultivars. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene and sequencing of the amplified products using six primer combinations showed no different alleles or different nucleotide sequences in âBrasilâ and âBlack Starâ. The sequencing of the VvmybA1 gene in the present study showed that the mutations that occurred in the cultivar âItaliaâ for generating the âBenitakaâ cultivar persisted in the âBrasilâ and âBlack Starâ cultivars
Detecção por SDS-PAGE de um marcador especĂfico no cultivar de mandioca, FĂ©cula Branca, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae)
Proteins from young unexpanded leaves of seven cassava cultivars Manihot esculenta, Crantz (Euphorbidaceae) were investigated through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The comparison was made through the protein patterns obtained, and their relative amounts determined in plants leaves infected or not with the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. The electrophoretic protein pattern obtained from the investigated cultivars (âFibraâ, âFĂ©cula Brancaâ, âBranca de Santa Catarinaâ, âVerdinhaâ, âIAC-12â, âIAC-13â, and âIAC-14â) showed a polypeptide subunit present exclusively in the âFĂ©cula Brancaâ cultivar, with a molecular weight of 93.5 kDa. Also, protein fractions were more intensely stained in young leaves of M. esculenta plants infected with the bacteria. SDS-PAGE did not detect specific markers for pathogenesis, but the 93.5 kDa protein fraction can be used as a molecular marker for the âFĂ©cula Brancaâ cultivar.As proteĂnas de folhas jovens nĂŁo expandidas de sete cultivares de mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz (Euphorbidaceae) foram investigadas neste trabalho, atravĂ©s da tĂ©cnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sĂłdio (SDS-PAGE). As comparaçÔes foram feitas pelo padrĂŁo de proteĂnas obtido e as suas quantidades relativas em folhas de plantas de M. esculenta infectadas e nĂŁo infectadas pela bactĂ©ria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. O padrĂŁo eletroforĂ©tico das proteĂnas extraĂdas das cultivares investigadas (âFibraâ, âFĂ©cula Brancaâ, âBranca de Santa Catarinaâ, âVerdinhaâ, âIAC-12â, âIAC-13â, and âIAC-14â) mostrou uma subunidade polipeptĂdica com peso molecular diferente (93.5 kDa) exclusivamente presente na cultivar âFĂ©cula Brancaâ. As fraçÔes de proteĂnas nas folhas de plantas de M. esculenta infectadas pela bactĂ©ria apareceram mais intensamente coradas. A tĂ©cnica de SDS-PAGE nĂŁo detectou marcadores especĂficos relacionados com o processo de infecção, mas a fração protĂ©ica 93.5 kDa pode ser usada como marcador molecular da cultivar âFĂ©cula Brancaâ