Differential genetic stability in vineyards of the cultivar ‘Italy’ (

During more than 50 years the vegetative propagation has been the form of maintaining and multiplication of the cv. ’Italy’ vineyards, a ’Bicane’ x ’Muscat Hamburg’ hybrid. In the current study, polymorphism in 17 microsatellite loci was used to evaluate the genetic stability at DNA level in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ planted in different regions of the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil. Unchanged and equal allele frequency indicating genetic stability was reported in 47% of the microsatellite loci in vineyards of six localities, while allele frequency variation has been observed in Scu15vv, Udv44, Udv74, Udv96, Udv107, Udv108, Vvmd5, Vvmd6 and Vvs3 microsatellite loci. Alleles Udv96140 and Vvs3448, detected in vines in only one of the vineyards, evidenced somatic mutations at molecular level in cv. ’Italy’. Genetic diversity, as result of changes in the allele frequencies in 53% of microsatellite loci, was detected more frequently than somatic mutations due to new alleles. Polymorphism in microsatellite loci revealed different genetic stability in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ cultivated in six different Brazilian regions and indicated vineyards with less genetic stability as a possible source of somatic mutants, showing traits of agronomic interest with a potential to generate new cultivars

Esterase isozymes patterns of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) are altered in response to fungicide exposure

Current analysis characterizes the effect of different fungicides often applied for pest control on a-and b-esterase patterns of four economically important table-wine grape cultivars (Italia, Rubi, Benitaka and Brasil) of Vitis vinifera. The a- and b-esterase patterns in bud leaves of the cultivars were assessed by native PAGE analysis. Cabrio Top® compound inhibited Est-2, Est-5, Est-6, Est-7, Est-8, Est-9 and Est-10 carboxylesterases, whereas Est-4, Est-11, Est-12, Est-13, Est-14 acetylesterases and Est-16 carboxylesterase were detected as weakly stained bands. Carboxylesterases and acetylesterases were also detected as weakly stained bands when exposed to fungicides Orthocide 500®, Positron Duo® and Folicur PM®. No changes in a- and b-esterase patterns were reported when the vines were exposed to the fungicides Rovral SC®, Kumulus DF®, Curzate M®, Score® or Cuprogarb 500®. The evidence of functional changes in carboxylesterase and acetylesterase levels in current study is a warning to grape producers on the dangers inherent in the indiscriminate use of potent and modern fungicides extensively used in agriculture. The inhibition effect of fungicides on esterase isozyme molecules seems to be independent of the fungicide chemical. 

retrotransposon and

Somatic mutations in grapes are relatively frequent and associated with diversity in grape skin color and berry morphology. Mutations that occur on a side branch of the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar with rosy-red berry skin color generated the ‘Brasil’ cultivar, and mutations that occurred on a side branch of ‘Brasil’ generated the ‘Black Star’ cultivar, both showing a black color in the berry skin. Therefore, genetic characterization of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene in ‘Italia’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Benitaka’, ‘Brasil’, and ‘Black Star’ was started to find whether the altered coloration of berries in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ is a product of different mutation patterns in the investigated sequences. Six primer combinations were used for the amplification of different sequences of the Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene of the five cultivars. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene and sequencing of the amplified products using six primer combinations showed no different alleles or different nucleotide sequences in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’. The sequencing of the VvmybA1 gene in the present study showed that the mutations that occurred in the cultivar ‘Italia’ for generating the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar persisted in the ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ cultivars

Detecção por SDS-PAGE de um marcador específico no cultivar de mandioca, Fécula Branca, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae)

Proteins from young unexpanded leaves of seven cassava cultivars Manihot esculenta, Crantz (Euphorbidaceae) were investigated through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The comparison was made through the protein patterns obtained, and their relative amounts determined in plants leaves infected or not with the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. The electrophoretic protein pattern obtained from the investigated cultivars (“Fibra”, “Fécula Branca”, “Branca de Santa Catarina”, “Verdinha”, “IAC-12”, “IAC-13”, and “IAC-14”) showed a polypeptide subunit present exclusively in the “Fécula Branca” cultivar, with a molecular weight of 93.5 kDa. Also, protein fractions were more intensely stained in young leaves of M. esculenta plants infected with the bacteria. SDS-PAGE did not detect specific markers for pathogenesis, but the 93.5 kDa protein fraction can be used as a molecular marker for the “Fécula Branca” cultivar.As proteínas de folhas jovens não expandidas de sete cultivares de mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz (Euphorbidaceae) foram investigadas neste trabalho, através da técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). As comparações foram feitas pelo padrão de proteínas obtido e as suas quantidades relativas em folhas de plantas de M. esculenta infectadas e não infectadas pela bactéria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. O padrão eletroforético das proteínas extraídas das cultivares investigadas (“Fibra”, “Fécula Branca”, “Branca de Santa Catarina”, “Verdinha”, “IAC-12”, “IAC-13”, and “IAC-14”) mostrou uma subunidade polipeptídica com peso molecular diferente (93.5 kDa) exclusivamente presente na cultivar “Fécula Branca”. As frações de proteínas nas folhas de plantas de M. esculenta infectadas pela bactéria apareceram mais intensamente coradas. A técnica de SDS-PAGE não detectou marcadores específicos relacionados com o processo de infecção, mas a fração protéica 93.5 kDa pode ser usada como marcador molecular da cultivar “Fécula Branca”