Le Cinéma en Réalité Virtuelle :

Résumé Le cinéma en Réalité Virtuelle (V. R.) est une rencontre entre le cinéma et un type spécifique de technologie qui simule les environnements virtuels. Cependant, tous deux revendiquent ce qui leur appartient : le cinéma, avec son propre langage qui glisse sous ses formes d’expression artistique et la Réalité Virtuelle qui est polymorphe. Lors de cette rencontre, la diégèse cinématographique subit un changement et met le langage à l’affût de nouveaux modes de composition. Il induit d’autres façons de penser le cinéma, qui doit désormais être vécu de l’intérieur.Abstract : VR cinema is an interchange between cinema and a specific kind of technology that simulates virtual environments, but both claim what belongs to them, which is proper to the medium. The cinema has its own grammar that slips under its forms of narrative and does not keep so many secrets anymore and Virtual Reality is polymorphic. In this meeting, cinematic diegesis suffers a blow and puts language in wait for a new convention and infers other ways of thinking the cinema, which now, needs to be experienced from the inside

N°17 / Enjeux Audiovisuels du cinéma 360°

Le concept d’un audiovisuel capable d’envelopper notre perception sensorielle, existe depuis les origines même du cinéma. Bien que ce paradigme soit recherché depuis toujours, il n’a jamais vraiment existé avant les récentes avancées technologiques liées à la réalité virtuelle. Pour sa dix-septième édition, la revue Entrelacs aborde le domaine du cinéma 360° en explorant les nombreux aspects que ce support semble bousculer dans la manière d’imaginer, faire et voir l’audiovisuel. Les autrices et auteurs participant à ce numéro, apportent leur regard singulier provenant de leur domaine de recherche et enrichissent avec leurs approches des notions propres à la théorie du cinéma. The concept of an audiovisual media wrapping our sensory perception, exists since cinema origins. Although this paradigm has always been searched, it has never really existed before recent virtual reality technology breakthroughs. For it’s seventeenth number Entrelacs journal touches on cinema 360° domain by exploring the numerous aspects this media seems to jostle in the way of imagining, making and seeing audiovisual. The authors contributing in this journal issue bring their singular look from their own research field and enrich with their approach notions belonging to cinema theory

Avaliação nutricional antropométrica de gestantes brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática Anthropometric nutritional evaluation in pregnant Brazilian women: a systematic review

Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática objetivando a identificação de métodos de avaliação nutricional de gestantes adotados no Brasil e sua associação com desfechos obstétricos. A busca bibliográfica foi feita nas bases Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, no período de 1980 a 2006. Os descritores utilizados em combinação foram pregnant, pregnancy nutritional assessment, anthropometric state, weight gain. Foram identificados 26 estudos, sendo o método proposto por Rosso (1985) o mais adotado. Alguns autores usaram apenas a avaliação do estado nutricional pré-gestacional com base no método proposto pelo Institute of Medicine (1990) ou a avaliação do ganho de peso gestacional segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (1995). Os resultados indicam a inexistência de metodologia apropriada para avaliação nutricional de gestantes brasileiras, o que pode estar contribuindo para a desvalorização desse procedimento nos serviços de assistência pré-natal. A maior parte dos estudos considerou o peso ao nascer como o principal desfecho do peso gestacional na validação dos métodos de classificação antropométrica. Os resultados encontrados no estudo demonstram a escassez de informações, em quantidade e qualidade, que possam contribuir para analisar a efetividade dos métodos de avaliação nutricional antropométrica para as gestantes brasileiras. O desenvolvimento de estudos com rigor metodológico neste campo é premente, e deverá contemplar as diferenças etárias e os fatores biológicos, socioeconômicos e ambientais das gestantes.<br>A systematic review was carried out of national and international literature on the available knowledge regarding nutritional assessment methods for anthropometric evaluation during pregnancy and its association with obstetric outcomes among Brazilian women was confirmed. Tracking resulted in 26 studies, where the most commonly used weight-gain assessment method was that proposed by Rosso (1985). Some of these used only pregestational nutritional status Institute of Medicine (1990) or weight gain during pregnancy assessments of World Health Organization (1995). The results indicate the lack of appropriate methods for assessing nutrition during pregnancy, which reflects the low importance prenatal services give to the standardization of anthropomorphic evaluation during pregnancy. There is an urgent need for well-defined methodological studies involving pregnant women that address age differences and intervening factors. Most researchers consider birth weight to be the main outcome of nutritional assessment during gestation to validate anthropometric methods. Outcomes encountered in this study demonstrate a lack of information, both quantitative and qualitative, to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional assessment methods among pregnant Brazilian women. The development of studies using a rigorous methodology in this field is essential and these should address differences in terms of age and biological, socioeconomic and environmental factors

Atividades da farmácia hospitalar brasileira para com pacientes hospitalizados: uma revisão da literatura Pharmaceutical services for inpatients provided by hospital pharmacies in Brazil: a review of the literature

Este artigo discute a produção científica relacionada à farmácia hospitalar brasileira direcionada à internação, na tentativa de ampliar a visão sobre características e prioridades. Foram localizados dezessete artigos nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs condizentes com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos a priori. A maioria ateve-se aos componentes ensino/pesquisa, logística e farmacotécnica, a partir da observação de hospitais públicos localizados no Sudeste. Percebe-se a escassez de textos relacionados a atividades estruturais como gerenciamento e seleção. Estima-se que à formação acadêmica dos farmacêuticos atrele-se a percepção da manipulação como atividade preponderante nos serviços embora, atualmente, esta seja necessária apenas em um número restrito de hospitais. Soma-se a isto a baixa adequação das atividades realizadas a normas legais e padrões estabelecidos e a inexistência de revista brasileira dedicada ao tema e indexada pela BVS. Tendo em vista a maior freqüência de trabalhos oriundos do setor público, há, aparentemente, ou maior liberdade de atuação do farmacêutico neste setor ou menor produção científica, quantificada por publicações, no setor privado.<br>This paper discusses the literature on hospital pharmacy services for in-patients in Brazil, seeking a broader view of its characteristics and priorities. Seventeen papers were located in the Medline and Lilacs databases that complied with the pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Most of them were related to teaching and research, logistics and compounding, based on observations in public hospitals in Southeast Brazil. Few studies focused on core activities such as management and selection. The academic syllabus through which pharmacy students are trained may underlie the perception that compounding is the preponderant aspect of hospital pharmacy services, although this is required in only a few institutions. Added to this is poor compliance by pharmacy activities with established norms and standards and the lack of an indexed Brazilian publication in this field. As there were far more studies of the public sector than its private counterpart, it seems as though there is either greater freedom of action in the former or less scientific output in the latter, quantified by published studies