Como o estilo de vida tem sido avaliado: revisão sistemática

The term lifestyle corresponds to the set of habits and customs that can be influenced and modified and which can contribute to promoting health. Objective: This study was to make a systematic review on the subject of lifestyle, what methods have been used to evaluate lifestyle, and what is considered a healthy lifestyle. Method: This study consisted of a systematic review on the possible methods of evaluating the lifestyle and habits of what is considered healthy lifestyle. The survey was conducted in electronic databases, national and international, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SciELO, and free search on Google Brazil, by consulting the following descriptors: "life style" associated with "healthy. Results: We found 142 articles published between 1990 and 2012, 105 of which did not meet the established criteria, 28 were considered eligible and were included in the study, 10 used randomized and pseudo-randomized samples, and 17 were not randomized. Among the articles selected, there were four proposals to validate lifestyle-assessment instruments, and one systematic review. The instruments used were not very reliable for assessing lifestyle, and their methods were not responsive. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate the importance of a healthy lifestyle and that it be started early and continued throughout life; they define the main actions related to a healthy lifestyle as well as control of metabolic parameters, physical activities, and healthy eating, but the lifestyle-evaluation instruments are still poor in responsiveness.O estilo de vida corresponde ao conjunto de hábitos e costumes que são influenciados e modificados que podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sobre os métodos que têm sido utilizados para a avaliação do estilo de vida, assim como identificar o que tem sido considerado como estilo de vida saudável. Método: Este estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática sobre os possíveis métodos de avaliação do estilo de vida e hábitos que são considerados estilo de vida saudável. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO, e busca livre no Google acadêmico, como os seguintes descritores: "estilo de vida" "estilo de vida saudável". Resultados: foram encontrados 142 artigos, sobre estilo de vida saudável, 105 não preencheram os critérios estabelecidos, 28 foram considerados elegíveis e foram incluídos no estudo, 10 tinham amostra randomizados, e um pseudo-randomizada, 17 não havia aleatorização no processo. Entre os artigos selecionados havia quatro propostas para validar instrumentos de avaliação de estilo de vida, e uma revisão sistemática. Os instrumentos utilizados nestes estudos não eram muito confiáveis para avaliar estilo de vida, os métodos destes apresentaram baixa responsividade. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que o estilo de vida saudável deve ser iniciado precocemente e continuar durante toda a vida, e as principais ações relacionadas a um estilo de vida saudável, controle de parâmetros metabólico, realizar atividades física, e alimentação saudável, entretanto os instrumentos de avaliação do estilo de vida ainda são pobre na capacidade de resposta

Tick fauna of wild animals received and attended at the Santarém Zoological Park, western Pará State, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Ticks are known worldwide for parasitizing a number of wild hosts. However, few studies have been conducted on ticks in zoos in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to collect, identify, and report the parasitic tick fauna found on wild Amazon animals received and attended at the Santarém Zoological Park from September 2004 to September 2013. In all, 56 animals, including 26 mammals and 30 reptiles, were sampled, from which 1172 ticks were collected and identified, comprising 862 adults, 284 nymphs, and 26 larvae. Nymphs of Amblyomma geayi on three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), adults of Amblyomma longirostre on black dwarf porcupine (Coendou nycthemera), and nymphs of Amblyomma naponense on southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) were identified for the first time in the country in the present study. Although, the North region is the largest among the five Brazilian regions, this is the first study conducted with ticks and animals attended in a zoo in the Brazilian Amazon