5 research outputs found
Creation of a representative climatological database for Hungary from 1870 to 2020
Climate studies, particularly those that are related to climate change, require long, high-quality controlled data sets, which are representative both spatially and temporally. Changing the conditions of measurements, for example relocating the station, or changing the frequency and timing of measurements, or changing the instruments used can cause breaks in the time series. To avoid these problems, data errors and inhomogeneities are eliminated and the data gaps are filled by using the MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization, Szentimrey, 1999, 2008) homogenization procedure. The Hungarian meteorological observation network was upgraded significantly in the last decades. Homogenization of the data series raises the question of how to homogenize long and short data series together within the same process. It is possible to solve this with the MASH method due it has solid mathematical foundations, which make it suitable for such purposes. The solution includes the synchronization of the common parts’ inhomogeneities within three (or more) different MASH processing of the three (or more) datasets with different lengths depending on the time periods and elements. After the homogenization process, the station data series were interpolated to a 0.1 degree regular grid covering the whole area of Hungary. The MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data Basis; Szentimrey and Bihari, 2007) program system was used for this purpose. The MISH procedure was developed specifically for the interpolation of various meteorological elements. In the case of mean temperature, we also renewed the MISH modeling, as compared to previous years, the number of homogenized stations doubled due to the new work, so it was expedient to model the climate statistical parameters with this extended station system. Time series of daily mean temperature and precipitation sum for the period 1870–2020 for Hungary were used in this study. As a result, the longest ever homogenized, gridded daily data sets became available for Hungary. The method described here can also be applied to produce representative datasets for other meteorological elements
Return values of 60-minute extreme rainfall for Hungary
The rainfall intensity for various return periods are commonly used for hydrological design. In this study, we focus on rare, short-term, 60-minute precipitation extremes and related return values which are one of the relevant durations in the planning and operating demands of drainage and sewerage systems in Hungary. Time series of 60-minute yearly maxima were analyzed at 96 meteorological stations. To estimate the return values for a given return period, the General Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was fit to the yearly maxima. The GEV fit and also the Gumbel fit (GEV Type I.) were tested. According to the goodness of fit test results, both GEV and Gumbel distributions, are adequate choices. The return values for 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 50 year return periods are illustrated on maps, and together with their 95% confidence intervals, are listed in tables for selected stations. The maps of return values demonstrate that the spatial patterns of the return values are similar, although the enhancing effect of orography can be explored in the Transdanubia region and in the North Hungarian Range. As the return period is increasing, so the range of the confidence are widening as it is expected
Szárazság Magyarországon 2022-ben és a múltban
A 2022-es Ă©vben Magyarországon Ă©s EurĂłpa jelentĹ‘s rĂ©szĂ©n rendkĂvĂĽli szárazságot figyelhettĂĽnk meg. A tartĂłsan csapadĂ©kszegĂ©ny idĹ‘járás következtĂ©ben sokfelĂ© aszály alakult ki, ami nyáron tetĹ‘zött. A legsĂşlyosabb aszály Magyarországon az Alföld közĂ©psĹ‘ Ă©s tiszántĂşli rĂ©szĂ©n volt. Ez a tanulmány a 2022-es Ă©v csapadĂ©kviszonyai mellett foglalkozik a csapadĂ©k tĂ©rbeli Ă©s idĹ‘beli változĂ©konyságával, a meteorolĂłgiai mĂ©rĂ©sek kezdete Ăłta tapasztalt száraz idĹ‘szakokkal, valamint az elmĂşlt 500 Ă©vben feljegyzett extrĂ©m száraz Ă©vekkel, idĹ‘szakokkal
Globális és hazai éghajlati trendek, szélsőségek változása: 2020-as helyzetkép = Global Trends and Climate Change in Hungary in 2020
A WMO 2021 elejĂ©n kiadott állapotĂ©rtĂ©kelĹ‘je szerint a COVID–19 miatti korlátozások ellenĂ©re az ĂĽvegházhatásĂş gázok lĂ©gköri koncentráciĂłja tovább emelkedett. A tengerszint emelkedĂ©s a közelmĂşltban gyorsult, rekordmagas volt a jĂ©gvesztĂ©s Grönlandon, az Antarktisz olvadása is gyorsulni látszik. SzĂ©lsĹ‘sĂ©ges idĹ‘járás pusztĂtott, Ă©lelmiszer-ellátási gondok lĂ©ptek fel, Ă©s 2020-ban a COVID–19 hatásával egyĂĽtt nĹ‘tt a biztonsági kockázat több rĂ©giĂłban is. Az Ă©ghajlatváltozás felerĹ‘sĂti a meglĂ©vĹ‘ kockázatokat, Ă©s Ăşjabb kockázatok is fellĂ©pnek majd a termĂ©szeti Ă©s az ember által alkotott rendszerekben. Az Ă©ghajlatváltozás hatása a hazai mĂ©rĂ©si sorokban is megjelenik. Az Országos MeteorolĂłgiai Szolgálat (OMSZ) homogenizált, ellenĹ‘rzött mĂ©rĂ©sei szerint 1901 Ăłta 1,2 °C-ot nĹ‘tt az Ă©vi közĂ©phĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©klet. KĂ©t normál idĹ‘szakot vizsgálva egyĂ©rtelmű a magasabb hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kletek felĂ© tolĂłdás, a csapadĂ©k Ă©ven belĂĽli eloszlása megváltozott, az Ĺ‘szi másodmaximum eltűnĹ‘ben van. NĹ‘tt az aszályhajlam, gyakoribbá váltak a hĹ‘hullámok, intenzĂvebb a csapadĂ©khullás, emiatt az Ă©ghajlatvĂ©delemi intĂ©zkedĂ©sek mellett a jĂłl megalapozott alkalmazkodás is indokolt. A biztonsági kockázatok csökkenthetĹ‘k az OMSZ Ă©s Országos KatasztrĂłfavĂ©delmi FĹ‘igazgatĂłság közötti egyĂĽttműködĂ©s által
Analysis of Sub-Daily Precipitation for the PannEx Region
The PannEx is a GEWEX-initiated, community driven research network in the Pannonian Basin. One of the main scientific issues to address in PannEx is the investigation of precipitation extremes. Meteorological Services in the PannEx area collected the hourly precipitation data and commonly used a computer program, which was developed in the INTENSE project, to produce a set of global hydro-climatic indices. Calculations are carried out on data aggregated 1-, 3- and 6-h intervals. Selected indices are analyzed in this paper to assess the general climatology of the short-term precipitation in the Pannonian basin. The following indices are illustrated on maps and graphs: the annual mean and maxima of 1-h, 3-h and 6-h sums, the count of 3-hr periods greater than 20 mm thresholds, the maximum length of wet hours, the timing of wettest hour and the 1-h precipitation intensity. The seasonal trends of the 1-h precipitation intensity were tested from 1998 to 2019. Analysis of sub-daily precipitation has been limited by the availability of data on a global or a regional scale. The international effort made in this work through collaboration in the PannEx initiative contributes to enlarging the data availability for regional and global analysis of sub-daily precipitation extremes