THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL DISEASES AMONG WOMEN OF FERTILITY AGE

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the dental health of women across different age groups, determine the prevalence of dental diseases, and establish preventive measures for complications through a novel treatment approach. However, it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of women in the reproductive age group based on their place of residence. This will allow for an assessment of the dental services provided to them and a determination of the demand for specialized care in rural areas. Such research contributes to the advancement of ecological dentistry alongside clinical and preventive dentistr

Excitation functions of related temperatures of {\eta} and {\eta}0 emission sources from squared momentum transfer spectra in high-energy collisions

The squared momentum transfer spectra of $\eta$ and $\eta ^0$, produced in high-energy photon-proton ($\gamma p$) $\rightarrow {\rm meson + proton}$ process in electron-proton ($ep$) collisions performed at CEBAF, NINA, CEA, SLAC, DESY, and WLS are analyzed. The Monte Carlo calculations are used in the analysis of the squared momentum transfer spectra, where the transfer undergoes from the incident $\gamma$ to emitted meson or equivalently from the target proton to emitted proton. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution and Tsallis-Levy function are used to describe the transverse momentum spectra of emitted particles. Our results show that the average transverse momentum ($\langle p_T\rangle$), the initial-state temperature ($T_i$), and the final-state temperature ($T_0$) roughly decrease from lower center-of-mass energy ($W$) to higher one, and at several special $W$, this tendency is broken

Initial and final-state temperatures of emission source from differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer in high energy collisions

The differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer of $\rho$, $\rho^0$, $\omega$, $\phi$, $f_{0}(980)$, $f_{1}(1285)$, $f_{0}(1370)$, $f_{1}(1420)$, $f_{0}(1500)$, and $J/\psi$ produced in high energy virtual photon-proton ($\gamma$$^{*} p$), photon-proton ($\gamma p$), and proton-proton ($pp$) collisions measured by the H1, ZEUS, and WA102 Collaborations are analyzed by the Monte Carlo calculations. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution, Tsallis distribution, and Hagedorn function are separately used to describe the transverse momentum spectra of the emitted particles. Our results show that the initial and final-state temperatures increase from lower squared photon virtuality to higher one, and decrease with increasing of center-of-mass energy.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Advances in High Energy Physics, Accepte

Rapidity and Energy Dependences of Temperatures and Volume Extracted from Identified Charged Hadron Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at a Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)

The standard (Bose-Einstein/Fermi-Dirac or Maxwell-Boltzmann) distribution from the relativistic ideal gas model is used to study the transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra of identified charged hadrons ($\pi^-$, $\pi^+$, $K^-$, $K^+$, $\bar p$, and $p$) with different rapidities produced in inelastic proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration at the center-of-mass (c.m.) energies $\sqrt{s}=6.3$, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV are fitted well by the distribution. It is shown that the effective temperature ($T_{eff}$ or $T$), kinetic freeze-out temperature ($T_{0}$), and initial temperature ($T_{i}$) decrease with the increase in rapidity and increase with the increase in c.m. energy. The kinetic freeze-out volume ($V$) extracted from the $\pi^-$, $\pi^+$, $K^-$, $K^+$, and $\bar p$ spectra decreases with the rapidity and increase with the c.m. energy. The opposite tendency of $V$, extracted from the $p$ spectra, is observed to be increasing with the rapidity and decreasing with the c.m. energy due to the effect of leading protons.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures. Entropy, accepte