SANÇÕES ADMINISTRATIVAS APLICADAS NA AVIAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PRINCÍPIOS APLICÁVEIS AOS PROCESSOS ADMINISTRATIVOS NA AVIAÇÃO

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho busca averiguar se o processo administrativo sancionatório na aviação cumpre os princípios da lei dos processos administrativos (lei 9.784/99). O estudo se faz relevante pois é um campo ainda pouco estudado e precisa ser tratado com seriedade já que é uma das formas de demonstração do ius puniendi estatal. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar se os processos administrativos que resultam em multas para os operadores de aeronaves cumprem os princípios constitucionais e legais. Sendo assim, será desenvolvido um estudo sobre os aspectos que envolvem as sanções administrativas. Além disso, será trabalhado sobre os limites da presunção de veracidade da Administração Pública, bem como será investigada a relação entre os princípios da lei dos processos administrativos (lei 9.784/99) com os processos administrativos em estudo. Ao final, será apresentada uma análise de dois processos administrativos relacionados ao tema em discussão. Nessa análise é possível identificar algumas falhas da Administração Pública, tanto na concepção do processo administrativo em questão (normas aplicadas através de Portarias) quanto no desenvolvimento com relação aos princípios que deveriam ser observados. Percebe-se, por fim, a necessidade de aperfeiçoar o processo administrativo no seio da Junta de Julgamento de Aeronáutica, órgão responsável por todo o desenvolvimento desse processo. Essa pesquisa serve para apontar apenas alguns dos aspectos mais relevantes que necessitam uma posterior atenção e um número maior de estudos na área para que haja uma evolução nesse ramo do Direito

Lanthanide Triangles Sandwiched by Tetranuclear Copper Complexes Afford a Family of Hendecanuclear Heterometallic Complexes [Ln^III₃Cu^II₈] (Ln = La–Lu): Synthesis and Magnetostructural Studies

Reaction in ethanol of 3-hydroxymethylen-5-methylsalicylaldoxime (<b>H</b>_<b>3</b><b>L</b>) with CuCl₂·2H₂O and LnCl₃·<i>x</i>H₂O [Ln = La (<b>1</b>), Ce (<b>2</b>), Pr (<b>3</b>), Nd (<b>4</b>), Eu (<b>5</b>), Gd (<b>6</b>), Tb (<b>7</b>), Dy (<b>8</b>), Er (<b>9</b>), Yb (<b>10</b>), Lu (<b>11</b>), Ho (<b>12</b>)] allowed the synthesis of a family of hendecanuclear heterometallic copper­(II)–lanthanide­(III) clusters with general formula [Ln^III₃Cu^II₈(<b>HL</b>)₆(μ₄-O)₂Cl₆(H₂O)₈]­Cl₃ (<b>1</b>–<b>12</b>). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation, the complexes are isomorphous and crystallize in the trigonal <i>R</i>32 group. The hendecanuclear cluster is formed by two tetrahedral μ₄-oxo {Cu₄} clusters assembled by three lanthanide ions sandwiched in between. Along the family, the separation between the {Cu₄} moieties increases linearly from Lu to La in good correlation with ionic radius of the lanthanide ions. A comparative analysis of the magnetic data for the lanthanum (<b>1</b>) and lutetium (<b>11</b>) compounds shows the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions within the μ₄-oxo {Cu₄} moieties. For the gadolinium (<b>6</b>) and terbium (<b>7</b>) compounds, the magnetic interactions between the lanthanide and the copper ions are found to be ferromagnetic. The dysprosium (<b>8</b>) compound exhibits single-molecule magnet behavior

Lanthanide Triangles Sandwiched by Tetranuclear Copper Complexes Afford a Family of Hendecanuclear Heterometallic Complexes [Ln^III₃Cu^II₈] (Ln = La–Lu): Synthesis and Magnetostructural Studies

Reaction in ethanol of 3-hydroxymethylen-5-methylsalicylaldoxime (<b>H</b>_<b>3</b><b>L</b>) with CuCl₂·2H₂O and LnCl₃·<i>x</i>H₂O [Ln = La (<b>1</b>), Ce (<b>2</b>), Pr (<b>3</b>), Nd (<b>4</b>), Eu (<b>5</b>), Gd (<b>6</b>), Tb (<b>7</b>), Dy (<b>8</b>), Er (<b>9</b>), Yb (<b>10</b>), Lu (<b>11</b>), Ho (<b>12</b>)] allowed the synthesis of a family of hendecanuclear heterometallic copper­(II)–lanthanide­(III) clusters with general formula [Ln^III₃Cu^II₈(<b>HL</b>)₆(μ₄-O)₂Cl₆(H₂O)₈]­Cl₃ (<b>1</b>–<b>12</b>). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation, the complexes are isomorphous and crystallize in the trigonal <i>R</i>32 group. The hendecanuclear cluster is formed by two tetrahedral μ₄-oxo {Cu₄} clusters assembled by three lanthanide ions sandwiched in between. Along the family, the separation between the {Cu₄} moieties increases linearly from Lu to La in good correlation with ionic radius of the lanthanide ions. A comparative analysis of the magnetic data for the lanthanum (<b>1</b>) and lutetium (<b>11</b>) compounds shows the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions within the μ₄-oxo {Cu₄} moieties. For the gadolinium (<b>6</b>) and terbium (<b>7</b>) compounds, the magnetic interactions between the lanthanide and the copper ions are found to be ferromagnetic. The dysprosium (<b>8</b>) compound exhibits single-molecule magnet behavior

Fe^II(pap-5NO₂)₂ and Fe^II(qsal-5NO₂)₂ Schiff-Base Spin-Crossover Complexes: A Rare Example with Photomagnetism and Room-Temperature Bistability

We focus here on the properties of Fe complexes formed with Schiff bases involved in the chemistry of Fe^III spin-transition archetypes. The neutral Fe­(pap-5NO₂)₂ (<b>1</b>) and Fe­(qsal-5NO₂)₂·Solv (<b>2</b> and <b>2·Solv</b>) compounds (<b>Solv</b> = 2H₂O) derive from the reaction of Fe^II salts with the condensation products of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde with 2-hydroxy-5-nitroaniline (Hpap-5NO₂) or 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde with quinolin-8-amine (Hqsal-5NO₂), respectively. While the Fe­(qsal-5NO₂)₂·Solv solid is essentially low spin (S = 0) and requires temperatures above 300 K to undergo a S = 0 ↔ S = 2 spin-state switching, the Fe­(pap-5NO₂)₂ one presents a strongly cooperative first-order transition (<i>T</i>↓ = 291 K, <i>T</i>↑ = 308 K) centered at room temperature associated with a photomagnetic effect at 10 K (<i>T</i>_LIESST = 58 K). The investigation of these magnetic behaviors was conducted with single-crystal X-ray diffraction (<b>1</b>, 100 and 320 K; <b>2</b>, 100 K), Mössbauer, IR, UV–vis (<b>1</b> and <b>2·Solv</b>), and differential scanning calorimetry (<b>1</b>) measurements. The Mössbauer analysis supports a description of these compounds as Fe^II Schiff-base complexes and the occurrence of a metal-centered spin crossover process. In comparison with Fe^III analogues, it appears that an expanded coordination sphere stabilizes the valence 2+ state of the Fe ion in both complexes. Strong hydrogen-bonding interactions that implicate the phenolato group bound to Fe^II promote the required extra-stabilization of the S = 2 state and thus determines the spin transition of <b>1</b> centered at room temperature. In the lattice, the hydrogen-bonded sites form infinite chains interconnected via a three-dimensional network of intermolecular van der Waals contacts and π–π interactions. Therefore, the spin transition of <b>1</b> involves the synergetic influence of electrostatic and elastic interactions, which cause the enhancement of cooperativity and result in the bistability at room temperature