ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ РОССИИ

Analytical approaches to technological modernization depend on the conditions of that certain scholars take like a basis (industrial, institutional approaches). The article discusses about the factors which are necessary for the success of projects to introduce technological innovations (information systems, etc.) in the various kinds of organizations (in government, financial and real sectors of the economy).Purpose: definition of the behavioral factors to consider when carrying out technological modernization in the Russian economyMethodology: in article logical-historical methods, and also general scientific methods of the analysis were used.Results: highlights some of the most informative factors that influence the implementation of technological innovations in the Russian economy.Practical implications: results should apply by economic agents who engaged in or planning to implement of technological changes.налитические подходы к проведению технологической модернизации зависят от условий, которые те или иные исследователи принимают за базовые (индустриальный, институциональный подходы). В статье рассматриваются факторы, учет которых необходим для успеха проектов по внедрению технологических новшеств (информационные систем и т.п.) на организациях различной направленности в экономике России (госучреждения, организации финансового и реального секторов экономики).Цель: определение поведенческих факторов, которые необходимо учитывать при проведении технологической модернизации в экономике России.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались логико-исторические методы, а также общенаучные методы анализа.Результаты: выделены некоторые наиболее информативные факторы, которые оказывают влияние на реализацию процессов по внедрению технологических новшеств в экономике России.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими или планирующими технологические изменения

Digital transformation as a tool of companies’ development in the digital economy by the example of Tatarstan

Objective to describe the behavior of economic entities implementing the first projects in the sphere of digital transformation by the example of several service enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan mediumsize businesses. nbsp Methods abstractlogical and dialectical phenomenological methods. nbsp Results the main motives of digital transformation are described conclusions are drawn about the main external and internal challenges of such transformations for business entities enterprises in terms of changes in socioeconomic factors and structural changes in economic systems at the mesolevel. Three stages of implementation of the first projects in the sphere of digital transformation among the Russian private companies are identified by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. nbsp Scientific novelty it is shown that the implementation of projects in the field of digital transformation by enterprises leads to a lot of external effects the reluctance to finance the benefits of other economic agents of the enterprise can reduce interest in digital transformation the relevance of the research in the field of the digital transformation impact on the business development of modern enterprises is shown the authors show the need to develop research of the impact of digital transformation on the business development of modern enterprises depending on the industry and the business model used. nbsp Practical significance the understanding of the economic entitiesrsquo behavior during implementation of the first projects in the field of digital transformation revealed in the work makes it urgent to develop a set of nonprofit organizations in the field of digital economy to increase social capital in the society and also creates a basis for further research in this area

Opportunistic Behavior as Behavior Manipulations

The study of opportunistic behavior in relation with manipulation techniques is important because it directly affects the efficiency of agent's relationship. We identified two forms of opportunistic behavior that depend on the subject composition of the contractual relationship. In the article we attempt to identify significant techniques of manipulation of information. It is important to understand real nature of opportunism in contractual relationship. The study proved the high importance, because it expands our knowledge about the nature of exogenous opportunistic manifestations as a society and economic phenomenon

Legal nature of the agreement on the use of security measures in relation to criminal proceeding participants

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of a set of theoretical and practical issues and gaps in the legal regulation of the agreement concluded with the protected person on the conditions of security measures, mutual obligations, and responsibility of the parties. In this regard, based on an independent scientific study, the article attempts to substantiate the legal nature of the specified agreement as a special legal institute based not only on the rules of criminal procedure but also on civil law, since civil law determines the general provisions of agreements. In implementing the provisions of the institute of state protection of criminal proceeding participants, the leading research method is justified as increasing the effectiveness of legal norms on security measures through modeling the most optimal algorithm of the agreement with the person subject to state protection. Based on the results of the data obtained, the analysis of factors positively and negatively affecting the procedure of making decisions on security measures and the conclusion of the agreement was also carried out. The article focuses on the practical orientation of the results, which provide methodological and applied assistance to employees of state protection bodies in criminal cases. As a result of the study, the authors justify the need to develop a standard form of the agreement; the form, structure, and content of the agreement are proposed; the possibility of improving the legal framework through the development and adoption of a particular regulatory legal act of an open nature regulating the order of the agreement in the system of internal affairs bodies is determined. The research will provide academic, organizational, and legal assistance to state defense departments and investigators, inquirers, prosecutors, teachers, students, and anyone interested in ensuring security in criminal proceedings

Dimensions of social capital

Objective to describe the manifestations of social capital in the context of the main factors affecting its formation which will enable to systematize the existing ideas about the dimensions of social capital. Methods abstractlogical and dialectical phenomenological methods. Results social capital is an important concept in the economic system but it is difficult to identify and measure. The article analyzes the phenomenon of social capital as well as approaches to its definition. Based on the literature analysis five sections are identified in which the concept of social capital is characterized. It is shown that the institutional environment is the basis for the formation of social capital. It is revealed that the individual qualities of a personality can both contribute emotional intelligence etc. and prevent closeness for communication inability to listen conflictgenerating character etc. the accumulation of social capital. The content of the concept of family social capital is shown. The predominant influence of social capital on the development of small firms in comparison with medium and large organizations is revealed. The influence of civic activity on economic development through social capital is studied. Scientific novelty five dimensions of social capital are identified 1 social capital and individual qualities of personality 2 social capital and family ties 3 social capital and corporate culture 4 social capital and civic activity 5 social capital and institutional environment. It is determined how these patterns affect economic development. Practical significance the understanding of the main dimensions of social capital revealed in the work makes it urgent to identify the structure of social capital and creates a basis for further research in this area

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival