Use of Robotics to Improve Upper Extremity Function in Adults with Neurological Conditions

Objectives of Presentation: 1. Describe the impact of robotics on upper extremity function among various neurological populations. 2. Differentiate which patients are appropriate for robotics interventions for upper extremity rehabiliation. 3. Defend the feasibility of robotic interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation of neurological populations. PICO: To what extend does robotic-assisted therapy improve UE function in adults with neurological conditions? Note: Handout with references available at bottom of page. Presentation: 37:3

The effect of RIPerc on eNOS expression and peroxynitrite formation.

<p>(A and C) Effect of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerc) on phosphorylated of eNOS at Ser1177 (p-eNOS), total eNOS and nitrotyrosine (3NT) in protocol 1. (B) Effect of RIPerc on NOS expression in non-diabetic and diabetic rats of protocol 2. Values are means ± SEM; n = 5–8. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. CIR.</p

ROCK activity expressed as a phosphorylation of ezrin following ischemia/reperfusion.

<p>(A) Effect of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS, the ROCK inhibitor hydroxyfasudil (H.fasudil), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPerc) and RIPerc+the NOS inhibitor L-NMMA in protocol 1. (B and C) Effect of RIPerC in non-diabetic and diabetic rats of protocol 2. Values are means ± SEM; n = 5–7. ***<i>P</i><0.001 vs. CIR; ^###<i>P</i><0.001 vs. RIPerc and ^††<i>P</i><0.01 vs. ND-CIR.</p

Myocardial area at risk and infarct size.

<p>Area at risk (A and B) expressed as % of left ventricle and infarct size (C and D) expressed as % of the area at risk following 30 min ischemia and 2 hrs reperfusion in rats included in protocol 1 (A and C) and in non-diabetic and diabetic rats included in protocol 2 (B and D). Values are means ± SEM; n = 6–10. **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001 vs. CIR; ^###<i>P</i><0.001 vs. RIPerc and ^†††<i>P</i><0.001 vs. ND-CIR.</p

Hemodynamic changes in Protocol 2.

<p>Values are mean ± SEM; n = 6–7. Abbreviations: MABP (mm Hg), mean arterial blood pressure; HR (beats/min), heart rate; ND-CIR, non-diabetic control ischemia/reperfusion; ND-RIPerc, non-diabeic remote ischemic perconditioning; DM-CIR: diabetes mellitus control ischemia/reperfusion; DM-RIPerc, diabetes mellitus remote perconditioning.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 vs. ND-CIR.</p