Procjena nutritivnog rizika kod gastroenteroloških bolesnika u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka

Malnutrition is usually related to some diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, chronic liver disease and malignant tumors. It is characterized by weight loss, protein deficiency, and deficit of specific nutrients. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of nutritional risk among 160 gastrointestinal patients by use of the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) score at hospital admission and discharge. The patients stayed in the hospital between 5 and 15 days or longer. Results showed that 40% of patients at admission and 36.2% at discharge were malnourished. There were 53.1% of patients with recognized malnutrition at admission that received nutritional support, whereas at discharge 34.4% of patients at risk were not dietary supported. Malnourished patients were significantly older, had lower body mass index, longer hospital stay and higher rate of malignant diseases than properly nourished patients. Regular screening for malnutrition should be conveyed in hospitals as to provide appropriate dietary support for all patients at risk.Malnutricija se povezuje s nekim bolestima kao što su upalna bolest crijeva, kronični pankreatitis, kronična bolest jetre i zloćudni tumori. Kod malnutricije dolazi do gubitka težine, manjka proteina te nedostatka nekih specifičnih hranjivih tvari. Cilj ovoga rada bio je procijeniti učestalost nutritivnog rizika kod 160 gastroenteroloških bolesnika metodom procjene nutritivnog rizika (NRS-2002) pri prijmu i otpustu bolesnika. Bolesnici su boravili u bolnici između 5 i 15 dana ili duže. Rezultati su pokazali da je kod prijma u bolnicu 40%, a na otpustu 36,2% bolesnika bilo pothranjeno. Na prijmu je 53,1% pothranjenih bolesnika dobilo odgovarajuću nutritivnu potporu, dok 34,4% bolesnika nije dobilo takvu potporu pri otpustu iz bolnice. Pothranjeni bolesnici bili su značajno mlađi, imali su značajno niži indeks tjelesne mase, značajno su dulje boravili u bolnici te su češće bolovali od zloćudnih bolesti. Procjena nutritivnog rizika treba biti rutinska kako bi se osigurala odgovarajuća nutritivna potpora za sve bolesnike koji su u riziku od malnutricije

Dyslipidemia: Current Perspectives and Implications for Clinical Practice

Dyslipidemia refers to a broad spectrum of various genetic and acquired disorders that affect blood lipid levels and largely contribute to global cardiovascular disease burden. Consistent evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, supports the key role of the circulating LDL-cholesterol and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. All ApoB-containing lipoproteins with size less than 70 nm can cross the endothelial barrier, particularly in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Uptake and accumulation of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall is a critical initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Statin treatment, targeting LDL cholesterol reduction, remains the cornerstone of dyslipidemia management. There are abundant data supporting the concept of ‘the lower LDL-C, the better’ in the primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of the key insights into the lipid abnormalities associated with an increased risk of CV events particulary in the context of dyslipidemia management in everyday clinical practice. Understanding the important role that metabolic derangements play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis pave the way for stronger implementation of current guidelines for CVD risk assessment and prevention

Osteoporosis and Dietary Inflammatory Index

Healthy bones are constantly being renewed and proper nutrition is an important factor in this process. Anti-inflammatory diet is designed to improve health and prevent the occurrence and development of chronic diseases associated with inadequate diet. Proper nutrition is based on the anti-inflammatory pyramid and changes in poor eating habits are the long-term strategy for preventing inflammation and chronic diseases. Inflammatory factors from food may play a role in the development of osteoporosis and an anti-inflammatory diet may be a way to control and reduce long-term inflammation and prevent bone loss. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from the fat tissue, through activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system could intervene with bone metabolism in a way of increased bone loss. Therefore the special attention need to be given to obese patients due to twofold risk, one related to pro-inflammatory cytokines release and the other related to the deprivation of the vitamin D in the fat tissue

Dynamics of CSBD Healing after Implementation of Dentin and Xenogeneic Bone Biomaterial

Autologous dentin is frequently used in guided bone regeneration due to its osteoinductive properties, which come from its similarity to native bone. On the other hand, the xenogeneic bone biomaterial Cerabone® serves as a biocompatible, but hardly resorbed biomaterial. During bone healing, an inflammatory, vascular, and osteogenic response occurs in which cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin (OPN) are released locally and systemically. The aim was to follow up the dynamics (on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30) of critical-sized bone defect (CSBD) healing after the implantation of bovine devitalized dentin, rat dentin, and xenogeneic bone biomaterial. For this purpose, histological and histomorphometric methods were employed. Additionally, serum concentrations of TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN were monitored in parallel to better understand the biomaterial-dependent systemic response in rats. At the last time interval, the results showed that the bone defect was bridged over in all three groups of biomaterials. The rat dentin group had the highest percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and the least percentage of residual biomaterial (RB), which makes it the most optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration. Serum concentrations of the TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN refer to systemic response, which could be linked to intense bone remodeling between days 15 and 21 of the bone healing

Dynamics of CSBD Healing after Implementation of Dentin and Xenogeneic Bone Biomaterial

Autologous dentin is frequently used in guided bone regeneration due to its osteoinductive properties, which come from its similarity to native bone. On the other hand, the xenogeneic bone biomaterial Cerabone® serves as a biocompatible, but hardly resorbed biomaterial. During bone healing, an inflammatory, vascular, and osteogenic response occurs in which cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin (OPN) are released locally and systemically. The aim was to follow up the dynamics (on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30) of critical-sized bone defect (CSBD) healing after the implantation of bovine devitalized dentin, rat dentin, and xenogeneic bone biomaterial. For this purpose, histological and histomorphometric methods were employed. Additionally, serum concentrations of TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN were monitored in parallel to better understand the biomaterial-dependent systemic response in rats. At the last time interval, the results showed that the bone defect was bridged over in all three groups of biomaterials. The rat dentin group had the highest percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and the least percentage of residual biomaterial (RB), which makes it the most optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration. Serum concentrations of the TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN refer to systemic response, which could be linked to intense bone remodeling between days 15 and 21 of the bone healing

Dynamics of CSBD Healing after Implementation of Dentin and Xenogeneic Bone Biomaterial

Autologous dentin is frequently used in guided bone regeneration due to its osteoinductive properties, which come from its similarity to native bone. On the other hand, the xenogeneic bone biomaterial Cerabone® serves as a biocompatible, but hardly resorbed biomaterial. During bone healing, an inflammatory, vascular, and osteogenic response occurs in which cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin (OPN) are released locally and systemically. The aim was to follow up the dynamics (on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30) of critical-sized bone defect (CSBD) healing after the implantation of bovine devitalized dentin, rat dentin, and xenogeneic bone biomaterial. For this purpose, histological and histomorphometric methods were employed. Additionally, serum concentrations of TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN were monitored in parallel to better understand the biomaterial-dependent systemic response in rats. At the last time interval, the results showed that the bone defect was bridged over in all three groups of biomaterials. The rat dentin group had the highest percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and the least percentage of residual biomaterial (RB), which makes it the most optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration. Serum concentrations of the TNF-α, VEGF, and OPN refer to systemic response, which could be linked to intense bone remodeling between days 15 and 21 of the bone healing