REASONS OF STUDENT SOCIAL APATHY

The purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to identify the social representations of students about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes. The leading methods for the study of this problem are the method of questioning, which allows conducting a qualitative analysis of students’ social representations about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes; to identify the opinion of students about the manifestations of social apathy in the behavior of young people. Materials and methods: As the main method of research in this work, the method of questioning is chosen. Results of the research: Positions of overcoming of social apathy are allocated: social apathy is a personal problem with which the person has to cope independently, nobody can help him with it; the help of collective in the solution of this problem is necessary; participation of professional psychologists is necessary. The point of view of students is revealed that the solution to this problem has to be complex: the person, collective, psychologists, other social institutions. A number of features of social behavior attributed to people subject to social apathy are shown: unsociability, isolation, irresponsibility, passivity, immersion in their own problems, exposure to someone else's influence, and an understated level of claims. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of reasons for student social apathy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

The Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Carbon Black and Rubber Mixtures Filled with It

Исследовано влияние механической активации на пористость, структурность по абсорбции дибутилфталата (ДБФ), размеры агломератов и функциональный покров поверхности технического углерода (ТУ) марки N375. Установлено, что в процессе механической активации возрастает количество кислородсодержащих групп на поверхности ТУ от 0,12 до 0,34 мэкв/г и снижается размер агрегатов от 300 до 3-5 мкм. Одновременно снижается величина абсорбции ДБФ. Резина, получаемая на основе смеси каучука марки СКМС-30 АРК и механоактивированного ТУ, отличается повышенными значениями относительного удлинения при растяжении и более низким модулем упругостиThe influence of mechanical activation on porosity, structure (by absorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the size of the agglomerates and the functional surface of the carbon black (CB) N375 was investigated. It was established that in the process of mechanical activation, the number of oxygencontaining groups on the surface CB increases to 0.34 meq/g and the size of the aggregates decreases from 300 to 3-5 microns. At the same time, the amount of absorption of DBP decreases. The rubber obtained on the basis of a mixture of SKMS-30 ARK rubber and mechanically activated CB is characterized by increased values of relative elongation under tension and a lower modulus of elasticit

Precursor synthesis and properties of iron and lithium co-doped cadmium oxide

Lithium and iron co-doped cadmium oxide Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) with NaCl structure has been synthesized using formate of the composition Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1(HCOO)2·2H2O as a precursor. The NMR spectroscopy results demonstrate that the structure of lithium-doped cadmium oxide appears to have impurity centers only of one type. All the synthesized samples show a metal-like conductivity as indicated by the growth of their electrical resistance with temperature increasing in the interval 78–330 K. The study of the magnetic properties of the Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O samples at 5 and 300 K revealed that they are ferromagnets, whose saturation magnetization increases with the iron concentration both at low and room temperature reaching the maximal values in the samples with a Li and Fe concentration of 3 and 7 at.%, respectively. An enhancement of the iron concentration in Cd0.9(Li1-xFex)0.1O from x = 0.5 to x = 0.7 leads to an abrupt growth of the magnetization from 0.30 to 1.94 emu/g at 5 K and from 0.16 to 1.03 emu/g at 300 K. Iron doping with a simultaneous reduction of the lithium concentration also results in an increase of the band gap. The properties of these compounds are explained on the basis of first-principles calculations of their band structure.The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin”, No. AAAA-A18-118020290104-2), supported in part by “Electrical Engineering” Shanghai class 2 Plateau Discipline, the Government of the Russian Federation (Decree No. 211, Contract No. 02.A03.21.0006), “Electrical Engineering” Shanghai class 2 Plateau Discipline and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 12074242, 51862032). Absorption spectra were obtained using the equipment at the Center for Joint Use "Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds" at the Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS. The optical measurements were carried out in accordance with the scientific and research plans and state assignment of the Institute of Solid State Chemistry, UB RAS (Grant No. AAAA-A19-119031890025-9). E.V.C. acknowledges funding by Saint Petersburg State University project for scientific investigations (ID No. 73028629). TPeer reviewe

Селекция Cucumis sativus L. на устойчивость к фузариозу с применением фильтрата культуральной жидкости гриба Fusarium oxysporum Schlectend

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages.Актуальность В последние десятилетия наряду с традиционными методами все больше внимания уделяется альтернативным методам селекции, в основе которых лежат биотехнологические манипуляции с растениями. Применяя методы биотехнологии из одного растения можно получить миллионы клеток, что увеличивает шансы поиска, исключая потребность в площадях для выращивания испытуемых растений, а также ускоряется селекционный процесс за счет возможности проводить исследования в межсезонье. Методика В исследованиях использовали линейный материал гибридов C. sativus селекции ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО и совместной селекции ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО с Агрохолдингом «Поиск». Материалом для исследования служили растения C. sativus, которые культивировали в вегетационных сосудах в условиях лабораторного помещения. В качестве эксплантов для получения пролиферирующей каллусной ткани, способной к морфогенезу, использовали гипокотильные сегменты размером 0,5-1 см, изолированные от молодых растений. Результаты Для получения растений Cucumis sativus L. с повышенной устойчивостью к фузариозу методом клеточной селекции рекомендуется чередование культивирования каллуса на неселективной и селективной средах, содержащих сахарозу в концентрации 30 г/л, агар – 7 г/л, БАП – 0,1мг/л, НУК – 0,5 мг/л и фильтрат культуральной жидкости гриба F. oxysporum в концентрации 10% в течение 3-х пассажей

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Estimation of psychological features, body composition and status of actual nutrition of women with eating behavior disorders

Background: the violations of eating behavior began to be actively studied since the mid-20th century. In recent years, researchers from different countries have found new evidence of the role of eating behavior, the patient's eating habits in the development of obesity. Since the scope of the study of eating behavior and its disorders began to develop actively relatively recently, many aspects of this problem have not yet been studied. Aim: was to study the psychological features, body composition and parameters of actual nutrition of women with eating behavior disorders. Methods. We used the Dutch questionnaire DEBQ to analyze the types of eating behavior. To assess the severity of eating disorders inherent in eating disorders, the technique "Scale of Eating Behavior Assessment" was used. The actual mental state of the subjects was studied using a clinical and psychological test – a questionnaire of the severity of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R). The component composition of the body was assessed using the apparatus for bioimpedanceometry ABC-01 "Medass". The evaluation of the actual nutrition by the method of frequency analysis was carried out with the help of the computer program "Analysis of the state of human nutrition". Results. In all groups of women with eating disorders, higher values on the scales of desire for thinness, bulimia and dissatisfaction with the body, somatization, obsessional-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, depressiveness, anxiety were found. As the eating disorders worsened, the consumption of mono-and disaccharides and added sugar increased, which was accompanied by an increase of the body fat, both in absolute and relative units. Conclusions. In women with eating disorders violations of personal and psychological characteristics, nutrition patterns were detected, which were accompanied by an increase in body fat

Zinc glycolate Zn(OCH2CH2O): Synthesis and structure, spectral and optical properties, electronic structure and chemical bonding

This article presents new findings obtained from the study of formation conditions, crystal structure, thermal, spectral, optical properties and electronic band structure of zinc glycolate Zn(OCH2CH2O). This compound was synthesized by heating the solutions of zinc formate Zn(HCOO)2·2H2O in ethylene glycol (A) or in a mixture of ethylene glycol and distilled water (B). The crystal structure of Zn(OCH2CH2O) has been studied using the X-ray powder diffraction method. It is shown that the crystal structure is built via zigzag joining of [Zn4O12C8H16] tetracycles with the tetrahedrally coordinated zinc (ZnO4). Zinc atoms inside the tetracycles and the tetracycles themselves are interconnected with oxygen bridges. Complex anions OCH2CH2O2- are bonded to zinc atoms by chelation. The unit cell parameters of Zn(OCH2CH2O) are as follows: the tetragonal structure, space group I41/a (88−2), Z = 16, a = b = 11.08673(9) Å, c = 11.5902(1) Å, V = 1424.62(2) Å3. The IR and Raman spectra of Zn(OCH2CH2O) correlate fully with the results of structural analysis. Under UV excitation, the luminescence spectra of Zn(OCH2CH2O) samples synthesized following the methods (A) and (B) are characterized by emission maxima at 460 nm (blue luminescence) and 540 nm (yellow-green luminescence), respectively. Yellow-green luminescence is due to the presence of an admixture of zinc oxide nanoparticles of size 10 nm in the sample. The electron density functional method is employed to study the electronic band structure and chemical bonding in Zn(OCH2CH2O). It is shown that the 3dZn orbitals are covalently bonded to 2pO orbitals so that an octagon is formed, where the zinc atoms of four neighboring ZnO4 tetrahedrons are linked through their vertices. The feasibility of synthesizing a layered structure of Zn(OCH2CH2O) is analyzed on the basis of ab initio calculations and Voigt-Reuss-Hill theory.The X-ray study was carried out at the Multiple-Access Center for X-ray Structure Analysis at the Institute of Solid State Chemistry, UB RAS. The UV-Vis spectra were recorded using the equipment of the Multiple-Access Center for Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds at the Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB RAS. This work was carried out in accordance with the scientific and research plans and as defined in the state assignment for the Institute of Solid State Chemistry, UB RAS (grant No. AAAA-A19–119031890025-9). The electronic structure calculations were performed with the URAN cluster in the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, UB RAS. E.V.C. acknowledges support from Saint Petersburg State University (grant No. ID 90383050).Peer reviewe

Selection of <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L. for resistance to fusarium wilt using filtrate of the culture fluid of the fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlectend

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Fine Carbide-Containing Catalysts for Hydroconversion of Heavy Oil Residues

Высокодисперсные молибден-карбидные каталитические системы были получены методом механической активации в инертной среде. Исследован состав, морфология и проведена оценка каталитического поведения молибден-карбидных систем в slurry-процессе гидропереработки гудрона, установлено, что в присутствии молибден-карбидного катализатора наблюдается снижение выхода кокса более чем в три раза по сравнению с содержанием кокса, полученного при тех же температурно-временных параметрах процесса без катализатораFine molybdenum-carbide catalytic systems were obtained by the method of mechanical activation in an inert atmosphere. The composition and morphology were investigated, the catalytic behavior of molybdenum-carbide systems was estimated in the hydrotreatment process of vacuum residue. In the presence of a molybdenum-carbide catalyst, a decrease in the coke yield by more than three times is observed compared to the coke content obtained with the same temperature-time parameters of the process without a catalys

The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment Temperature on Porous Structure of Silica Materials Obtained with Polyethylene Glycol as Structure-Direct Agent

Изучено влияние температуры гидротермальной обработки (ГТО) на пористую структуру кремнеземных материалов, получаемых при использовании полиэтиленгликоля в качестве структуроуправляющего агента. Информация о текстуре и строении получена с помощью метода низкотемпературной адсорбции азота, ЯМРThe effect of hydrothermal treatment temperature on porous structure of silica materials obtained with polyethylene glycol as structure-direct agent had been investigated. Characterization of the materials obtained by the method was carried out by nitrogen adsorption