Рабочая смена: восполнит ли молодежь кадровый дефицит в промышленности и аграрно-промышленном комплексе?

Дефицит квалифицированных рабочих кадров остается острой проблемой со времен кризиса 2008—2009 гг. В статье обсуждаются результаты двух социологических исследований, проведенных в регионах России с отчетливой отраслевой специализацией и предусматривавших анкетный опрос учащихся учреждений профтехобразования, а также экспертные интервью с руководством предприятий, отраслевых ассоциаций, торгово-промышленных палат и руко-водителями учреждений профтехобразования. Собранный материал дает информацию о том, какой контингент и почему приходит учиться рабочим профессиям; каким видит молодежь свое трудоустройство по окончании обучения; почему предприятиям по-прежнему сложно восполнять кадровый дефицит; появилась ли у бизнеса возможность долгосрочно планировать свои кадровые потребности, а у системы профтехобразования — эффективно на них отвечать. Показано, что выбор рабочей профессии определяется надеждой на достойно оплачиваемую работу, возможностью в короткий срок получить профессию и легкостью поступления в образовательное учреждение. Больше половины учащихся согласны практически со всеми позитивными утверждениями относительно рабочих профессий, но в то же время две трети понимают, что они связаны с тяжелыми либо опасными условиями труда. Хотя по окончании производственной практики большинство респондентов убедились в верности выбора профессии, в цеха и на поля идут далеко не все, что связано с невысокой зарплатой молодых кадров и/ или местом локализации предприятия при наличии альтернативы в виде работы в торговле или сервисе. Короткий горизонт планирования и низкий уровень рентабельности не позволяют предприятиям просчитывать свои кадровые потребности и формировать кадровый резерв, что дезориентирует систему профобразования и консервирует дисбалансы на рынке труда. Улучшению ситуации, по мнению как молодежи, так и экспертов, способствовало бы проведение государством более последовательной и эффективной политики поддержки промышленности и аграрно-промышленном ком-плексе (АПК)

The transformation of the cultural memory through a prism of the Cyberspace

The paper considers the analysis of the cultural memory, which at the beginning of the XXI century underwent essential changes. The beginning of the memory research as a special phenomenon belongs to the Russian scientist, Nikolaj Miljukov [1] who has proved the emergence of social memory with the emergence of the intellectuals. In the article “Intellectuals and Historical Tradition”, Miljukov emphasizes the importance of social memory for the forward positive development of society. Since Halbwachs social memory gets the status of the independent research project. At the end of the XIX century the main theoretical concepts of social memory are formed: cultural and historical, semiotics, informational, psychological. The beginning of the third millennium is marked by the basic change of research trajectories of social memory. Specific research projects are put in the forefront. Such articles can be used as an example. The main research objective consists in the identification of the sociocultural bases of the transformation of social memory research. In modern investigations of the cultural memory, this phenomenon finds the new paradigmatic characteristics, which are fully submitted in the modern Internet space

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Screening as a Criterion for the Rational Selection of Tear Substitutes

A large number of artificial tears are currently available in the pharmaceutical market. Selecting the right drug for the patient remains a challenge for both the doctor and the patient. Comparing the cytotoxicity of artificial tears is one of the criteria for the rational selection of a drug that promotes maximum clinical efficacy and a higher safety profile. It is known that cells grown in vitro retain many metabolic features of the parent host tissues and at the same time lack tissue and organ interrelations and regulatory effects of the nervous and endocrine systems and have very limited compensatory capabilities. These features of cell cultures provide an opportunity to investigate the interaction of chemical agents directly with the cell itself, to identify changes in cellular and subcellular structures that can be masked in whole-organism settings. This study presents the results of assessing the cytotoxicity of tear substitutes, which demonstrate that these drugs can have a cytostatic effect in vitro and differ in their cytotoxic potential. In recent years, the problem of drug therapy of patients with dry eye syndrome has been attracting increasing attention of ophthalmologists, so screening the cytotoxicity of a wide range of tear substitutes using cell culture-based test systems can promote the rational selection of these drugs

Performance evaluation of foamed materials based on cold-cured liquid glass

ABSTRACT: Introduction. The current trend of transition to non-combustible and environmentally friendly thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials involves development of research to obtain foamed silicate compositions, particularly those based on cold-cured liquid glass. The primary advantage of this material is its eco-friendliness throughout both its operational and production stages, facilitated by the employment of energy-efficient manufacturing technology. Materials and methods. Cold-cured liquid sodium glass and cullet-based foam glass were used as main raw materials. To determine optimal curing additive of liquid glass, Portland cement, slaked lime and sodium ethylsilicate were selected. The thermal conductivity of materials was evaluated with by means of appropriate coefficient, value of which depended on volume content of pores in material, nature of porosity and distribution of pores by size. The decrease in water absorption capacity was estimated by value of wetting edge angle. Sorption humidity was determined in accordance with GOST 24816-2014, and sound absorption coefficient was determined according to GOST 16297-80. Results and discussion. The prime objective of this study was to examine trends and provide explanations for the formation of specified performance indicators of thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials, particularly those based on cold-cured foamed liquid glass. The issue of increasing water resistance of material by selecting effective additive-hardener was also investigated. Conclusion. The developed thermal insulation material based on cold-cured liquid glass is eco-friendly, with presence of large number of small and mainly open pores, giving it good sound-absorbing properties. The problem of high-water absorption of material was solved by introducing Portland cement as a curing additiv

Detection of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Using Heat Shock Protein 70 and p53 Antibody Conjugated Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Clinical experience indicates that enhanced level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p53 correlates with poor prognosis due to malignant cell overexpression of these proteins in tumor progression. Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution using mercaptopropionic acid and L-cysteine (L-Cys) as ligands. They were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) to p53 and cmHp70.1 to Hsp70 for detection of cancer cell apoptosis that was demonstrated in the experiment by fluorescent confocal microscopy both for breast carcinoma cells and for thyroid tissue. It is shown that in comparison with organic dyes, quantum dots have superior photostability of tracking apoptosis in cancer cells for longer time