Application of Geoinformation Systems for Assessment of Effective Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Energy Sector of Ukraine

The scientific novelty of the results presented in this article is to substantiate and expand the possibilities of using global and local geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine. GIS analysis focused on key resource parameters can help identify territories for development of renewable energy sources and assess of their possible technical potential, as well as the possibility of effective integration of technologies for the use of renewable energy sources in the energy sector of Ukraine. In this paper the possibilities for using geographic information systems to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are analyzed. The possibility of using the Global Atlas of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to support planning of technologies for the use of energy from biomass is analyzed. The data can point to large-scale programs and applications in relation to key parameters (quality resources, transmission distance, population density, terrain and site protection), helping identify additional areas for development of renewable energy sources and give an approximate assessment of technical potential. It is determined that the software products of IRENA are able to support national and regional planning of renewable energy technologies, help establish the viability of future renewable energy facilities and help project developers identify and analyze promising facilities for the implementation of technologies using renewable energy. The application of geographic information systems of Ukrainian web resources (“UA MAP”) for assessing the potential of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in Ukraine is been analyzed. The scientific novelty of the results lies in applying global and local GIS for comprehensive assessment of the potential and effectiveness of the use of regional non-traditional and renewable energy resources on the territory of Ukraine. This makes it possible to assess the possibilities of generating additional electric and thermal power for the needs of the regions of Ukraine using non-traditional and renewable energy sources. A comprehensive methodology for the use of GIS is proposed for assessing the potential of non-traditional and renewable energy sources at the regional level in Ukraine, taking into account energy, environmental and socio-economic factors affecting the placement of non-traditional and renewable energy facilities

Application of Geoinformation Systems for Assessment of Effective Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Energy Sector of Ukraine

The scientific novelty of the results presented in this article is to substantiate and expand the possibilities of using global and local geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine. GIS analysis focused on key resource parameters can help identify territories for development of renewable energy sources and assess of their possible technical potential, as well as the possibility of effective integration of technologies for the use of renewable energy sources in the energy sector of Ukraine. In this paper the possibilities for using geographic information systems to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are analyzed. The possibility of using the Global Atlas of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to support planning of technologies for the use of energy from biomass is analyzed. The data can point to large-scale programs and applications in relation to key parameters (quality resources, transmission distance, population density, terrain and site protection), helping identify additional areas for development of renewable energy sources and give an approximate assessment of technical potential. It is determined that the software products of IRENA are able to support national and regional planning of renewable energy technologies, help establish the viability of future renewable energy facilities and help project developers identify and analyze promising facilities for the implementation of technologies using renewable energy. The application of geographic information systems of Ukrainian web resources (“UA MAP”) for assessing the potential of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in Ukraine is been analyzed. The scientific novelty of the results lies in applying global and local GIS for comprehensive assessment of the potential and effectiveness of the use of regional non-traditional and renewable energy resources on the territory of Ukraine. This makes it possible to assess the possibilities of generating additional electric and thermal power for the needs of the regions of Ukraine using non-traditional and renewable energy sources. A comprehensive methodology for the use of GIS is proposed for assessing the potential of non-traditional and renewable energy sources at the regional level in Ukraine, taking into account energy, environmental and socio-economic factors affecting the placement of non-traditional and renewable energy facilities

Ab Initio Study of a Molecular Crystal for Photovoltaics: Light Absorption, Exciton and Charge Carrier Transport

Using ab initio methods we examine the molecular and solid-state electronic properties of a recently synthesized small-molecule donor, <i>p</i>-DTS­(PTTh₂)₂, which belongs to the dithienosilole-pyridylthiadiazole family of chromophores. In combination with the PC₇₀BM acceptor, <i>p</i>-DTS­(PTTh₂)₂ can be used to fabricate high-efficiency bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. A precise picture of molecular structure and interchromophore packing is provided via a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study; such details cannot be easily obtained with donor materials based on conjugated polymers. In first-principles approaches we are limited to a single-crystallite scale. At this scale, according to our investigation, the principal properties responsible for the high efficiency are strong low-energy light absorption by individual molecules, large exciton diffusion length, and fast disorder-resistant hole transport along π-stacks in the crystallite. The calculated exciton diffusion length is substantially larger than the average crystallite size in previously characterized device active layers, and the calculated hole mobility is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the measured device-scale mobility, meaning that the power conversion “losses” on a single-crystallite scale are minimal

Ab Initio Study of a Molecular Crystal for Photovoltaics: Light Absorption, Exciton and Charge Carrier Transport

Using ab initio methods we examine the molecular and solid-state electronic properties of a recently synthesized small-molecule donor, <i>p</i>-DTS­(PTTh₂)₂, which belongs to the dithienosilole-pyridylthiadiazole family of chromophores. In combination with the PC₇₀BM acceptor, <i>p</i>-DTS­(PTTh₂)₂ can be used to fabricate high-efficiency bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. A precise picture of molecular structure and interchromophore packing is provided via a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study; such details cannot be easily obtained with donor materials based on conjugated polymers. In first-principles approaches we are limited to a single-crystallite scale. At this scale, according to our investigation, the principal properties responsible for the high efficiency are strong low-energy light absorption by individual molecules, large exciton diffusion length, and fast disorder-resistant hole transport along π-stacks in the crystallite. The calculated exciton diffusion length is substantially larger than the average crystallite size in previously characterized device active layers, and the calculated hole mobility is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the measured device-scale mobility, meaning that the power conversion “losses” on a single-crystallite scale are minimal

Tailored Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Conjugated Systems through Aggregates and Dipole–Dipole Interactions

A series of PPVO (<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene oligomer) derivatives with functional groups of varying electronegativity were synthesized via the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. Subtle changes in the end group functionality significantly impact the molecular electronic and optical properties of the PPVOs, resulting in broadly tunable and efficient UV absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Of particular interest is the NO₂-substituted PPVO which exhibits photoluminescence color ranging from the blue to the red, thus encompassing the entire visible spectrum. Our experimental study and electronic structure calculations suggest that the formation of aggregates and strong dipole–dipole solute–solvent interactions are responsible for the observed strong solvatochromism. Experimental and theoretical results for the NH₂-, H-, and NO₂-substituted PPVOs suggest that the stabilization of ground or excited state dipoles leads to the blue or red shift of the optical spectra. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of H-, COOH-, and NO₂-PPVO have maxima at 487, 518, and 587 nm, respectively, in the OLED device. This trend in the EL spectra is in excellent agreement with the end group-dependent PL spectra of the PPVO thin-films