Signification of traditional architecture in terms of preserving identity of modern architectural space in Ukraine

In modern conditions the preservation of individual peculiarities and national identity of architectural environment is becoming a necessity. Nowadays, architectural environment turned into a permanent state for a great number of people living in big cities. This cities have to provide residents with opportunities to identify themselves with their place of residence, the presence of such individual features of habitant that form an image of a “small homeland”. Traditionally, this opportunity was provided by the natural surroundings of a town or a settlement – with their original topography, water spaces, trees. However, under the circumstances when the development, which is the place of the residents’ permanent stay, occupies large areas a visual link with the surroundings is deteriorated or even completely lost. Then a natural landscape cannot any longer provide the individuality of the urban image independently (with a few exceptions, when it has a very showy elements – lake, as in Chicago or a large river with steep banks, as in Kyiv) and this task remains with the architectural environment

Signification of traditional architecture in terms of preserving identity of modern architectural space in Ukraine

In modern conditions the preservation of individual peculiarities and national identity of architectural environment is becoming a necessity. Nowadays, architectural environment turned into a permanent state for a great number of people living in big cities. This cities have to provide residents with opportunities to identify themselves with their place of residence, the presence of such individual features of habitant that form an image of a “small homeland”. Traditionally, this opportunity was provided by the natural surroundings of a town or a settlement – with their original topography, water spaces, trees. However, under the circumstances when the development, which is the place of the residents’ permanent stay, occupies large areas a visual link with the surroundings is deteriorated or even completely lost. Then a natural landscape cannot any longer provide the individuality of the urban image independently (with a few exceptions, when it has a very showy elements – lake, as in Chicago or a large river with steep banks, as in Kyiv) and this task remains with the architectural environment

Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis

Background Ocular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice. Methods 192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy. Results For 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing-usually PCR-in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%. Conclusion Our report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists