5 research outputs found
Competitive Ring Expansion of Azetidines into Pyrrolidines and/or Azepanes
Azetidines fitted with a 3-hydroxypropyl
side chain at the 2-position
undergo intramolecular <i>N</i>-alkylation after activation
of the primary alcohol, and the produced 1-azonia-bicycloÂ[3.2.0]Âheptane
is opened by different nucleophiles (cyanide, azide, or acetate anions)
to produce mixtures of ring expanded pyrrolidines and azepanes, or
a unique type of compound. Distribution of produced five- or seven-membered
rings depends on the substitution pattern on the azetidine ring and
on its side chain, together with the nature of the nucleophile used
in the expansion process. Observed regioselectivities for nucleophilic
opening are rationalized by quantum mechanical DFT calculations and
are in good agreement with experimental results
4,5-Bis(dimethylamino)quinolines: Proton Sponge versus Azine Behavior
Two first representatives, <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, of the still unknown 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)quinoline have been synthesized and studied. While the former, being protonated either at the peri-NMe<sub>2</sub> groups or at the ring nitrogen, has been shown to display properties of both a proton sponge and azine, its counterpart <b>6</b> behaves exclusively as azine giving only a quinolinium salt
Charge Transfer Complexes Formed by Heterocyclic Thioamides and Tetracyanoethylene: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Tetracyanoethylene
(TCNE) as one of the most versatile organic
compounds is involved in various chemical reactions with electron
transfer. Charge transfer complexes (CTCs) of a few antioxidants,
nitrogen containing thioamides [pyrrolidine-2-thione (<b>I</b>), 1,3-<i>H</i>-imidazolidine-2-thione (<b>II</b>), 1,3-<i>H</i>-Imidazoline-2-thione (<b>III</b>),
pyridine-2-thione (<b>IV</b>), 5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-thione
(<b>V</b>), 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-2-thione (<b>VI</b>), quinoline-2-thione (<b>VII</b>), 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione
(<b>VIII</b>)] as π-donors and TCNE as π-acceptor
were studied. The DFT PCM/UB3LYP/6-31++GÂ(d,p) and SA-CASSCF quantum
chemical calculations were used to study the structures and relative
stabilities of these complexes in the ground and lowest excited electronic
states. The formation of a weak molecular associates in the chloroform
and acetonitrile solutions was confirmed by UV/vis and IR absorption
spectroscopy. The stability constants and molar extinction coefficients
were estimated by UV/vis spectroscopy. The highest stability in acetonitrile
is found for associates formed by quinoline-2-thione and pyridine-2-thione
with TCNE, the lowest one is found for CTC formed by imidazolidine-2-thione.
Molecular associate formed by pyridine-2-thione and TCNE has the greatest
stability in the chloroform solution. 5-Trifluoromethylpyridine-2-thione
and 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-2-thione do not form CTC in CH<sub>3</sub>CN due to the presence of an electron acceptor group in the
molecules. The molar extinction values of CTC vary within the range
of 0.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup>. An analytical strategy of thioamides identification
based on wavelength and intensity of CTCs absorption band has been
suggested
4,5-Bis(dimethylamino)quinolines: Proton Sponge versus Azine Behavior
Two first representatives, <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, of the still unknown 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)quinoline have been synthesized and studied. While the former, being protonated either at the peri-NMe<sub>2</sub> groups or at the ring nitrogen, has been shown to display properties of both a proton sponge and azine, its counterpart <b>6</b> behaves exclusively as azine giving only a quinolinium salt
4,5-Bis(dimethylamino)quinolines: Proton Sponge versus Azine Behavior
Two first representatives, <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, of the still unknown 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)quinoline have been synthesized and studied. While the former, being protonated either at the peri-NMe<sub>2</sub> groups or at the ring nitrogen, has been shown to display properties of both a proton sponge and azine, its counterpart <b>6</b> behaves exclusively as azine giving only a quinolinium salt