Enhancing mmWave On-Chip-Antennas Using In-Package Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures

We propose a silicon on-Chip-in-Package antenna design featuring a simulated radiation efficiency of > 70% and an\ua0S11\ua0matching better than −10 dB in the 112–125 GHz frequency range. High radiation performance is achieved by: (i) thinning the silicon substrate down to\ua0100\ua0μm\ua0through wafer-level grinding; (ii) embedding the IC in-between two PCBs, one of which forms an electromagnetic bandgap structure that attenuates the EM leakage inside the silicon substrate. Furthermore, since the die-embedding concept employs the gap-waveguide packaging technology, a universal contactless waveguide interconnect is realized between the IC and the radiating gap waveguide in the package. This will also enable modular antenna designs

Numerical analysis of Huygens-like on-chip antennas for mm-wave applications

As we transition to 5G and beyond, the frequencies increase and the efficiency of the antennas becomes a pressing issue. Silicon technologies are preferred when it comes to en masse user equipment production, but the antennas in silicon suffer from high dielectric losses and strong substrate waves coupling. The use of a Huygens source as the antenna element has a potential of decreasing these negative effects, as was demonstrated in several non-silicon PCB designs. In this paper, we investigate if a similar performance enhancement can be achieved in thin back-gated silicon antenna chips. We present a numerical comparison of an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole and a Huygens source antenna at 120 GHz on a lossy silicon substrate sitting on a ground plane. Antennas are defined in MATLAB as distributed currents and imported as near-field sources into CST Microwave Studio. This way we treat the problem in a very general way without regards for any particular physical antenna implementations. Radiation efficiency and gain are shown as functions of substrate thickness. We found that there is no apparent advantage of using a Huygens source over either electric or a magnetic dipole in the described setup. We argue that this result is based on the fact that the Huygens source is derived assuming infinite current sheets at the interface of two infinite homogeneous regions, and propose another definition for a Huygens source in multi-layer structures

Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior of Superconducting SnH4_4

We studied chemical interaction of Sn with H$_2$ by X-ray diffraction methods at pressures of 180-210 GPa. A previously unknown tetrahydride SnH$_4$ with a cubic structure (${fcc}$) exhibiting superconducting properties below ${T}$$_C$ = 72 K was obtained; the formation of a high molecular ${C2/m}$-SnH$_{14}$ superhydride and several lower hydrides, ${fcc}$ SnH$_2$ and ${C2}$-Sn$_{12}$H$_{18}$, was also detected. The temperature dependence of critical current density ${J}$$_C$(T) in SnH$_4$ yields the superconducting gap 2$\Delta$(0) = 20-22 meV at 180 GPa. The SnH$_4$ superconductor has unusual behavior in strong magnetic fields: linear temperature dependences of magnetoresistance and the upper critical magnetic field ${B}$$_{C2}$(T) $\propto$ (${T}$$_C$ - ${T}$). The latter contradicts the Wertheimer-Helfand-Hohenberg model developed for conventional superconductors. Along with this, the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of ${fcc}$ SnH$_4$ in normal resistivity state exhibits a deviation from what is expected for phonon-mediated scattering described by the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen model, and is beyond the framework of the Fermi liquid theory. Such anomalies occur for many superhydrides, making them much closer to cuprates than previously believed

Дискримінантний аналіз: вікові особливості рухової підготовленості дівчат 7-9 років

The purpose of the study was to determine the age-specific features of the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9. Materials and methods. The study participants were 27 girls aged 7, 40 girls aged 8, and 35 girls aged 9. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used such research methods as analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observations, motor fitness testing, a probabilistic approach to the assessment of the learning process, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises, the level of development of coordination abilities, endurance and speed strength are those indicators that can be used to assess the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9. Attention is drawn to the fact that the level of proficiency in exercises is a key element in the motor fitness of girls. The obtained discriminant functions have statistical significance both in the classification of data and in the determination of the structural features of the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9. Conclusions. The standardized and structure coefficients of the discriminant function indicate that the most important indicators in the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9 are the level of general endurance, coordination of movements, relative arm strength and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises.Мета дослідження – визначити вікові особливості рухової підготовленості дівчат 7-9 років. Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні прийняли участь: 27 дівчаток 7 років, 40 дівчаток 8 років, 35 дівчаток 9 років. Діти та їхні батьки були інформовані про всі особливості дослідження і дали згоду на участь в експерименті. Були використані такі методи дослідження як аналіз наукової та методичної літератури, педагогічні спостереження, тестування рухової підготовленості, ймовірнісний підхід до оцінки процесу навчання, методи математичної статистики. Результати. Рівень навченості гімнастичних вправ, рівень розвитку координаційних здібностей, витривалості та швидкісної сили є тими показниками які можуть бути використані для оцінки рухової підготовленості  дівчат 7-9 років. Звертає увагу той факт, що  рівень навченості вправ є ключовим елементом в руховій підготовленості дівчат. Отримані дискримінантні функції мають статистичну значущість як в класифікації даних, так і у визначенні структурних особливостей рухової підготовленості дівчат 7-9 років. Висновки. Cтандартизовані і структурні коефіцієнти дискримінантної функції вказують, що найважливими показниками у руховій підготовленості дівчат 7-9 років є рівень загальної витривалості, координації рухів, відносної сили рук та рівень навченості гімнастичних вправ

THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY SYSTEMS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The paper suggest the methodological approach to increase the efficiency of educational institution activity on the basis of analysis of foreign and Russian experience on creation and development of quality systems. The authors consider the features of formation and improvement of the quality system in educational institutions on the basis of the standard quality system model based on the methodological provisions of the standards and recommendations of ENQA and the standards ISO series 9000 version 2000. In connection with the approval of ISO 9001 : 2015 there is a need to improve the standard quality system model for educational institution. The authors suggest ways to solve this problem basing on the methodological principles of this standard. Special attention is paid to the process approach and leadership of the head. In particular, the feasibility of establishing integrated management systems and quality systems for educational institutions is marked out

Tumor-Induced T Cell Polarization by Schwann Cells

Nerve-cancer crosstalk resulting in either tumor neurogenesis or intratumoral neurodegeneration is critically controlled by Schwann cells, the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Though the direct stimulating effect of Schwann cells on malignant cell proliferation, motility, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and the formation of metastases have been intensively investigated, the ability of Schwann cells to affect the effector and regulatory immune cells in the tumor environment is significantly less studied. Here, we demonstrated that tumor cells could stimulate Schwann cells to produce high levels of prostaglandin E, which could be blocked by COX-2 inhibitors. This effect was mediated by tumor-derived TGF-β as neutralization of this cytokine in the tumor-conditioned medium completely blocked the inducible prostaglandin E production by Schwann cells. Similar protective effects were also induced by the Schwann cell pretreatment with TGF-βR1/ALK4/5/7 and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitors of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, prostaglandin E derived from tumor-activated Schwann cells blocked the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated T cells and upregulated the expression of CD73 and PD-1 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting T cell polarization to the exhausted phenotype. This new pathway of tumor-induced T cell inhibition via the activation of neuroglial cells represents new evidence of the importance of nerve–cancer crosstalk in controlling tumor development and progression. A better understanding of the tumor-neuro-immune axis supports the development of efficient targets for harnessing this axis and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy

Biotechnological basis for application of growth regulators for rooting of green cuttings of trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system

This article presents data on the rooting of green cuttings of the studied species of ornamental trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system. We accounted the number of days from planting to the root formation and the number of rooted cuttings for each replication during our performance. We studied the influence of root formation stimulants on the rooting rate of various types of ornamental deciduous, flowering and coniferous plants. The effect of application of root formation stimulants is confirmed by the formation of a high-quality root system that is superior in length to those that were vegetated without “Kornevin”. However, the use of root formation stimulants is not advisable on shrubby cinquefoil, common privet and common lilac “Mademoiselle Casimir Perier”, because there is practically no increase in the rooting rate of cuttings in these plant species, compared to the control plants

Clinical Response to Anti-CD47 Immunotherapy Is Associated with Rapid Reduction of Exhausted Bystander CD4+ BTLA+ T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Mycosis Fungoides

Cancer progression in mycosis fungoides, the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, occurs in a predictable, sequential pattern that starts from patches and that evolves to plaques and later to tumors. Therefore, unlocking the relationship between the microarchitecture of mycosis fungoides and the clinical counterparts of that microstructure represents important steps for the design of targeted therapies. Using multispectral fluorescent imaging, we show that the progression of mycosis fungoides from plaque to tumor parallels the cutaneous expansion of the malignant CD4+ T cells that express TOX. The density of exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells around malignant CD4+TOX+ cells was higher in tumors than it was in plaques, suggesting that undesired safeguards are in place within the tumor microenvironment that prevent immune activation and subsequent cancer eradication. Overriding the CD47 checkpoint with an intralesional SIRPαFc fusion decoy receptor induced the resolution of mycosis fungoides in patients that paralleled an amplified expansion of NK and CD8+ T cells in addition to a reduction of the exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells that were engaged in promiscuous intercellular interactions. These therapeutic benefits of the CD47 blockade were further unleashed by adjuvant interferon-α, which stimulates cytotoxic cells, underscoring the importance of an inflamed microenvironment in facilitating the response to immunotherapy. Collectively, these findings support CD47 as a therapeutic target in treating mycosis fungoides and demonstrate a synergistic role of interferon-α in exploiting these clinical benefits