4 research outputs found
Probing the last scattering surface through the recent and future CMB observations
We have constrained the extended (delayed and accelerated) models of hydrogen
recombination, by investigating associated changes of the position and the
width of the last scattering surface. Using the recent CMB and SDSS data, we
find that the recent data constraints favor the accelerated recombination
model, though the other models (standard, delayed recombination) are not ruled
out at 1- confidence level. If the accelerated recombination had
actually occurred in our early Universe, baryonic clustering on small-scales is
likely to be the cause of it. By comparing the ionization history of baryonic
cloud models with that of the best-fit accelerated recombination model, we find
that some portion of our early Universe has baryonic underdensity. We have made
the forecast on the PLANCK data constraint, which shows that we will be able to
rule out the standard or delayed recombination models, if the recombination in
our early Universe had proceeded with or lower, and
residual foregrounds and systematic effects are negligible.Comment: v2: matched with the accepted version (conclusions unchanged
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅
ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ², ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ, ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ AlβOβ ΡΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° NHβCl Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ 1050 Β°Π‘ Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ NiAl, NiβAl; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ β NiβTiβO, NiTi, NiTiβ, Tiβ
Siβ, NiβTi, NiββSiβTiβ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Ρ; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ β ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ β 12,5 ΠΠΠ°. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ.The results of the research phase and chemical composition, structure, microhardness multicomponent coatings involving titanium, aluminum, silicon on nickel are given. The coating was applied to the mixture of powders of titanium, aluminum, silicon, inert additives Al2O3, activator NH4Cl, in containers with fusible shutter under reduced pressure at the temperature of 1050 Β°C, for 4 hours. The influence of composition of the saturating mixture on the phase, chemical composition, structure, microhardness zone compounds and transition zone on nickel was established. It is shown that diffusion coatings consist of zone connections and the transition zone, which is a solid solution saturating elements in nickel. When alumosiliconizing in the zone of compounds includes intermetallic compounds NiAl, Ni3Al; when titanium-alumosiliconizing β Ni2Ti4O, NiTi, NiTi3, Ti5Si3, Ni3Ti, Ni16Si7Ti6. The detected
presence in the transition zone when alumosiliconizing β aluminum, silicon, oxygen; when titaniumalumosiliconizing β titanium, aluminum, silicon. The maximum microhardness is set for zone of connection with the participation of titanium, aluminum, silicon is 12.5 GPa. The obtained coating composition, structure and properties involving titanium, aluminum, silicon on nickel can be promising when operating in conditions of high temperatures, corrosive environments.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ AlβOβ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° NHβCl Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 1050 Β°Π‘, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ΄Ρ NiAl, NiβAl; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β NiβTiβO, NiTi, NiTiβ, Tiβ
Siβ, NiβTi, NiββSiβTiβ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ β 12,5 ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄