Textbook animal breeding : animal breeding andgenetics for BSc students

This textbook contains teaching material on animal breeding and genetics for BSc students. The text book started as an initiative of the Dutch Universities for Applied (Agricultural) Sciences. The textbook is made available by the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (ABGC) of Wageningen UR (University and Research Centre)

Unieke genetische variatie in een bijzondere Nederlandse rundveestapel met zeldzame kleuren en aftekeningen

The herd of van der Veen family consists of about 40 cattle with the color-sided pattern and the rare diluted and roan color. Rare colors and pattern that are brought together through years of targeted breeding and conservation. The exclusive herd of small size therefore has unique combinations of rare alleles and genotypes. Because there are no registration papers present, the genetic make-up of this herd was investigated through DNA analysis. The herd of van der Veen family does not cluster with any one of the local Dutch cattle breeds and therefore consists of unique combinations of breeds and genetic diversity. The observed rare colors were verified through DNA analysis. The DNA, expect for one individual, matched the observed color for red/black and the absence or presence of the diluted color. F or the color-sided pattern, and the spotted and roan color no conclusions could be made as the mutation itself was not genotyped. Based on DNA all known mother-offspring relationships were verified and DNA also provided insights concerning other relationships between the individuals. The herd consists of unique combinations of rare colors and pattern and the animals are genetically unique. It is therefore important to conserve the genetic diversity within this herd

Noodzaak voor genetisch beheer van de Nederlandse trekpaardenpopulatie

The Dutch Draught horse is a rare Dutch horse breed. To conserve rare breeds, it is of great importance to monitor population size and increase in inbreeding and kinship in a population. When screening the Dutch Draught horse population, it turned out that inbreeding (and potential consequences) should be controlled by the studbook (KVTH) with participation of breeders. During the most recent generation (2010-2017) fewer foals were born annually compared to the generation before. Also, the percentage of foals that is used in breeding at a later age decreased steadily. At the same time there is a considerable increase in the kinship between horses that are used in breeding. The increase in inbreeding passes the FAO threshold of 0.5% per generation. In light of the increase in kinship, we expect that the increase in inbreeding will even be higher in the future. Screening the population clearly showed that genetic management is needed to be able to better control inbreeding (and potential accompanying consequences). It is possible to drastically reduce the inbreeding increase through genetic management

The use of genomic information for the conservation of animal genetic diversity

The conservation of genetic diversity, both among and within breeds, is a costly process. Therefore, choices between breeds and animals within breeds are unavoidable, either for conservation in vitro (gene banks) or in vivo (maintaining small populations alive). Nowadays, genomic information on breeds and individual animals is the standard for the choices to be made in conservation. Genomics may accurately measure the genetic distances among breeds and the relationships among animals within breeds. Homozygosity at loci and at parts of chromosomes is used to measure inbreed-ing. In addition, genomics can be used to detect potentially valuable rare alleles and haplotypes, their carriers in these breeds and can facilitate in vivo or in vitro conservations of these genomic regions

Genomic management of animal genetic diversity

Recently developed genomic tools, like SNP-genotyping and whole genome sequencing, and their analysis, offer great opportunities for the conservation and utilisation of animal genetic diversity, both among and within breeds. These genomic tools can be used to detect potentially valuable rare alleles and haplotypes. They are important parts of the genetic diversity we need to conserve now for possible utilisation in the future. This book describes the use of genomic technology to define breeds and to assess important features in the history of breeds affecting the present genetic diversity. The management of genetic diversity with genomic tools is outlined both in vitro: gene banks, and in vivo: small populations of rare breeds or large populations with small effective population sizes. Special attention is given to the genomic management of populations of animals with high incidences of multiple genetic defects. This book is intended for MSc and PhD students as well as scientists working with small populations in animal breeding and in conservation programmes for rare breeds

Selectie en genetische variatie in een fokprogramma

In drie voorgaande artikelen in deze serie zijn achtereenvolgens het fokdoel, de registratie van gegevens en de basisprincipes van de erfelijkheid besproken. In dit laatste artikel wordt het belang van genetische variatie en de selectie van ouderdieren besproken. Twee belangrijke elementen in het fokprogramma van een zeldzaam ras

Wat is erfelijkheid?

Eigenschappen van dieren zijn in meer of mindere mate erfelijk. Ze gaan over van ouders op nakomelingen. Maar ervaren fokkers weten dat in de fokkerij 1+1 geen 2 is. Welke wetmatigheden en welke toevalligheden spelen een rol in de erfelijkheid? Wat heeft het DNA-onderzoek ons daar recentelijk over geleerd en wat kunnen we daarmee

Creșterea și ameliorarea animalelor : curs

Romanian translation of the breeding handbook by Kor Oldenbroek et.al

Hayvan Islahı ve Genetik

Turkse vertaling van het Leerboek fokkerij en genetica

Selection and Drift : A Comparison between Historic and Recent Dutch Friesian Cattle and Recent Holstein Friesian Using WGS Data

Over the last century, genetic diversity in many cattle breeds has been affected by the replacement of traditional local breeds with just a few milk-producing breeds. In the Netherlands, the local Dutch Friesian breed (DF) has gradually been replaced by the Holstein Friesian breed (HF). The objective of this study is to investigate genomewide genetic diversity between a group of historically and recently used DF bulls and a group of recently used HF bulls. Genetic material of 12 historic (hDF), 12 recent DF bulls (rDF), and 12 recent HF bulls (rHF) in the Netherlands was sequenced. Based on the genomic information, different parameters—e.g., allele frequencies, inbreeding coefficient, and runs of homozygosity (ROH)—were calculated. Our findings showed that a large amount of diversity is shared between the three groups, but each of them has a unique genetic identity (12% of the single nucleotide polymorphisms were group-specific). The rDF is slightly more diverged from rHF than hDF. The inbreeding coefficient based on runs of homozygosity (Froh) was higher for rDF (0.24) than for hDF (0.17) or rHF (0.13). Our results also displayed the presence of several genomic regions that differentiated between the groups. In addition, thirteen, forty-five, and six ROH islands were identified in hDF, rDF, and rHF, respectively. The genetic diversity of the DF breed reduced over time, but this did not lead to higher inbreeding levels—especially, inbreeding due to recent ancestors was not increased