Strategies for meeting the fishing input requirements of small scale artisanal fisheries

An examination is made of the socio-economic factors associated with the failure of existing approaches to the fishing input requirements of small-scale fisheries in Nigeria. The fishermen and secretaries of the fishermen cooperative societies in three major settlements (Uta-Ewa, Okoroete and Iko) were selected for interviews. The survey showed that the idealogy of the fishermen of the role of cooperative society is wrong and specific programmes need to be directed towards correcting this perception. Thus, for any meaningful support programme for the artisanal small-scale fishermen, the perception of the fishermen about the cooperative organization must first be aligned rightly. It is suggested that the fishing input be determined by type and specification as a preliminary step in the delivery of inputs to the fishermen. Social, economic and cultural variabilities should be related to the requirement by the fishermen. The price level of fishermen will determine the direction and level of government support require

An economic overview of the fish and shrimp production of the Nigeria fish trawling industry under the structural adjustment programme

Over the years, Nigeria have witnessed different government with different policy measures. Against the negative consequences of the past policies, the structural adjustment was initiated in 1986. Its aims is to effectively altar and restructure the consumption patterns of the economy as well as to eliminate price distortions and heavy dependence on the oil and the imports of consumer goods and services. Within the period of implementation, there has been a decreasing trend in yearly fish catch landings and sizes but the reverse in shrimping. There is also a gradual shift from fishing to shrimping, from the vessels purchased with 83.3% increase of shrimpers from 1985 to 1989. Decreasing fish catch sizes and quantity aggravated by the present high cost of fishing coupled with the favourable export market for Nigeria shrimp tend to influence the sift. This economic situation is the result of the supply measures of SAP through the devaluation of the Naira. There is also overconcentration of vessels on the inshore waters as majority of the vessels are old and low powers hence incapable of fishing on the deep sea. Rotterdam price being paid for automotive gas oil (AGO) by fishing industries is observed to be discriminating and unhealthy to the growth of the industry as it is exceedingly high and unstable thus affecting planning for fishing operation. Fuel alone takes 43% of the total cost of operation. The overall consequences is that fishing days are loss and therefore higher overhead cost. It was concluded that for a healthy growth and sustainable resources of our marine fishery under the structural adjustment programme licensing of new fishing vessels should be stopped immediately and the demand side of SAP should be employed by subsidizing high powered fishing vessels which can operate effectively on the deep se

Response of clarias gariepinus to dietary castor seeds processed by different methods

Castor seed variously treated by boiling, roasting, boiling and roasting, decorticated lyle treated, boiling and fermenting was tested for improved nutrient content and elimination of toxins. 10% processed castor seed cake (CSC) was included in diets and fed to 180 catfishes for 4-weeks to assay the dietary castor seed based on performance and some biochemical indices. Processing methods other than boiling improved performance and other measured parameters and some diets containing treated CSC produced results even better than that obtained on the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Dietary boiled CSC elicited low feed intake, body weight gain, poor feed efficiency and high mortality of the fed fish relative to the control diet (p < 0.05). Similarly, boiled CSC in diet gave poor results on biological values of specific growth rate, net protein utilization, nitrogen metabolism, protein efficiency ratio compared to the control diet or diets containing CSC treated by methods other than boiling (p < 0.05). The best result was obtained on the diet containing castor seeds treated by boiling followed by roasting (p < 0.05). For optimum utilization of CSC in nutrition of fish, it has to be boiled and roasted

Performance and nutrients digestibility of piglets fed ditary detoxified balanites augyptiaca friuts

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of dietary detoxified Nigerian Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on performance and nutrients digestibility of weanling pigs. Twenty pigs weighing averagely 4.5 ± 0.85kg were used for the experiment which lasted for one month. The pigs were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Five diets made of a corn-soy control diet and four others to which 20% of boiled, roasted, boiled and roasted, boiled and fermented respectively were used. Feed consumption and weight gain of pigs maintained on the Balanites based diets were comparable with the conventional diet (p > 0.05). However, efficiency of feed utilization on the Balanites containing diets was inferior to that on the control diet (p 0.05) but protein and fatdigestibility were significantly influenced by dietary Balanites (p 0.05). Nitrogen consumption using indices of protein intake, fecal nitrogen output, daily retainednitrogen and nitrogen retention coefficient were not significantly different from values obtained on the control diet (p > 0.05). It was therefore concluded that Balanites aegyptiaca fruits, when detoxified by any of the traditional methods adopted, could be incorporated in diets for livestock even up to 70% inclusion level without deleterious effects on animal consuming the feed