69 research outputs found
Apollo experience report: Simulation of manned space flight for crew training
Through space-flight experience and the development of simulators to meet the associated training requirements, several factors have been established as fundamental for providing adequate flight simulators for crew training. The development of flight simulators from Project Mercury through the Apollo 15 mission is described. The functional uses, characteristics, and development problems of the various simulators are discussed for the benefit of future programs
Family Values, Social Capital and Contradictions of American Modernity
Contemporary American social and political discourses have integrated concerns about family values into the realm of debates about the associational life of social capital. In these discussions, theoretical and historical confusions about the relations between family and civil society run rampant. In this article, I first bring theoretical clarity to these social structures and the type of relations upon which they are predicated and, second, briefly historicize the relationships between an American idea of family and civil society. By tracing changes in popular understandings of family and civil society, I demonstrate that the modern family values movement spurns its Victorian roots by maintaining the nostalgic language for a life and family of old built around a Christian home, while embracing means and institutions, and even more importantly, a form of family, which belies the nostalgia. The family has now become an institution or association which can be sustained through instrumental interventions; it is no longer to do with the organic relations of sentiment remaining from some long-faded Gemeinschaft. The family and the Christian home ideal, which were at the center of American critiques of modernization, have ceased to be.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
The Interplay of Empathy and Individualism in Support for Social Welfare Policies
Public support for government welfare programs is grounded in two
potentially conflicting factors: a belief in individualism which undermines
support for welfare assistance, and the capacity for empathy which
potentially enhances support. However, empathy is an expensive
psychological commodity subject to pervasive up- and down-regulation.
This study examines the degree to which a belief in individualism affects
the expression of compassionate support for a person in need among
those with the capacity for empathy. In two online survey experiments,
empathic ability powerfully increases support for a welfare recipient and
social welfare policies when it does not conflict with individualism. But,
empathic ability decreases compassion and support for government
welfare among strong individualists. Evidence that individualists downregulate empathy for someone in need of government assistance is
consistent with the conservative view that welfare promotes dependency
and undermines individual agency. In contrast, charitable assistance is
not associated with long-term dependency and we find that empathy is
up-regulated by strong individualists to generate charitable support for
the same individual to whom they denied government assistance. The
up- and down-regulation of empathy in response to someone in need of
government welfare helps illuminate the sharp divisions over social
welfare policy among the American publi
New urbanism, crime and the suburbs: a review of the evidence
Sustainability now influences government policy in the UK, Australia and USA and planning policy currently advocates high density, mixed-use residential developments in 'walkable', permeable neighbourhoods, close to public transport, employment and amenities. This clearly demonstrates the growing popularity, influence and application of New Urbanist ideas.This paper reviews the criminological research relating to New Urbanism associated with the three key issues of permeability, rear laneway car parking and mixed-use development. These key issues are discussed from an environmental criminology perspective and challenge New Urbanist assumptions concerning crime. The paper proposes that crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and its crime risk assessment model represents a valuable tool for New Urbanists to utilise to reduce opportunities for crime and tackle fear of crime in the community. Recommendations for future research and collaboration are discussed
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