Patterns and predictors of contraceptive usage among HIV-positive women of reproductive age attending PMTCT/ART clinics in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Objective: the objective of the study is to assess the patterns and predictors of contraceptive usage among HIV positive women of reproductive age attending PMTCT/ART clinics in Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria.Methods: it was a cross-sectional descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among HIV positive women of reproductive age group selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The questions about knowledge of and attitude towards contraception were scored, and categorized as good or poor knowledge, favourable or unfavourable attitude. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses assessed predictors of contraceptive usage. A bivariate logistic regression model which used p<0.05 as the entry criterion, was generated to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals respectively.Results: age ranges from 16 to 48 years with mean age 31.8 + 7.8 years. Majority are within age range of 25-35 years 110 (40.7%), Christians 178 (65.9%), Yoruba 235 (87%), educated 246 (91.1%) and within monogamous settings 179 (66.3%). About half of the respondents 158 (58.5%) had favorable attitude and adequate knowledge respectively. There is a significant difference (p<0.05) between education and categorized knowledge on usage of contraception. Those who have adequate knowledge are twice more likely to use contraception compared to those with inadequate knowledge. Those who are less educated are 3.3 times less likely to use contraception compared to those that are educated.Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that about half of the respondents had high knowledge and favorable attitude on family planning.Keywords: reproduction, education, health, virus, knowledg

Knowledge gap about HIV/AIDs and stigma associated beliefs in an urban Community in Southwest Nigeria: Implication for social work

Objectives: In Nigeria, over the years, community beliefs regarding HIV strongly influence stigma and discrimination experienced by People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Perception about its transmission has led to loss of income/livelihood, loss of marriage & childbearing options, poor care within the health sector, withdrawal of care-giving in the home, loss of hope & feelings of worthlessness as well as loss of reputation in the society. This study assessed community awareness and perception about HIV/AIDS in Osogbo Local Government, Osun State.Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional descriptive survey. A total of 449 respondents were selected using multi stage sampling technique.Result: Alittle less than half i.e 208 (46.3%) believed that HIV can be transmitted through kissing, and 114 (25.4%) through hugging. One hundred and eleven (24.7%) believed that it is an act of God's punishment. Some respondents, 140(31.2%) believed that infected individuals should not get married, 67 (14.9%) will not keep friendship with infected individuals, 76 (16.9%) will not employ infected individual while 333(74.2%) believed infected individuals should be secluded from the society. Alittle less than half i.e 209 (46.5%) are yet to do HIV test. A significant association was found between occupation, educational status and the perception about PLHIV(p=0.000)Conclusion: There is high level of awareness about HIV among studied respondents. This pattern was however marred with misconceptions together with discriminating and stigmatizing tendencies, which could affect response to HIV scourge prevention . Therefore, continuous health ducation through health talks and mass media exposure will be helpful to improve misconception about HIV transmission and treatment.Keywords: Community; perception; HIV/AIDS; people living with HIV/AID

Peer reviewed abstract submitted to the College of Health Sciences, Osun State University Annual Scientific Conference, June 15-19, 2020

Introduction: MDR-TB poses a significant challenge to global management of TB. Laboratories in many countries among which include Nigeria are unable to evaluate drug resistance, and clinical predictors of MDR-TB might help target suspected patients.Method: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 403 tuberculosis patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Fifty three 53 (13.2%) of the total respondent had MDR-TB compare to national prevalence of 8% which is steeper among males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (÷2=24.640, p = 0.007) and (÷2=14.416, p=0.006) respectively, smoking (r=0.074, p<0.05) and alcohol consumption (r=0.083, p>0.05) show no significant association with occurrence MDR-TB.Conclusion: Previous TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the non-adherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. Key words: TB Patients, MDR-TB, tuberculosis, risk factors

Factors Influencing Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening among Adult Males in Iseyin LGA, Oyo State

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This study assessed factors influencing uptake of PCa screening at a popular town in Iseyin, Oyo State.Methods: Relevant information was obtained from 376 participants using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique Statistical tests such as Chisquare, Fisher's exact test and Student's T-test were performed to duly analyse data obtained.Results: Participants' mean age was 50.2 + 8.0 years with a larger (58. 5 %) proportion of men aged 50 and below. Overall summarized scores on poor knowledge and negative attitude were 42.8 % and 44.7 % respectively. Specific knowledge regarding location of prostate, risk factors and symptoms was as low as 21.0%, 26.3% and 37.2%, respectively. Barely 27.9 %, 19.9 % and 16.2 % knew prostate specific antigen test, digital rectal examination and ultrasound as PC screening techniques respectively. Previous uptake of screening was very low being 16.0 %. Individuals with poor knowledge and those who are non-professionals are 3 times (Odds Ratio – 0.295) and 2 times (Odds Ratio – 0.524) respectively less likely to do PCa screening compared with their other counterpartsConclusion: The study showed considerable awareness of prostate cancer. However, comprehensive knowledge of its symptoms and the screening methods was greatly lacking. The need is therefore indicated for an aggressive health promotion intervention designed to increase awareness on PCa screening at the community level. Keywords: prostate cancer, uptake, screening method

Risk Factors Associated with MDR-TB among Tuberculosis Patients in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Introduction: In Nigeria, patients accessing Directory Observed Therapy (DOTS) treatment are exposed to resistance to anti-TB drugs, hence is  considered a priority, only few studies have focused on the relevant risk factors, Factors leading to development of drug resistance need to be understood to develop appropriate control strategies for national programsMethod: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 403 tuberculosis patients in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Fifty three (13.2%) of the total respondent had Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) which is more among the males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (χ2=24.640, p =0.007) and (χ2=14.416, p = 0.006) respectively,risk factors such asprevious TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen (r=0.270, p<0.05), HIV (r=0.168, p<0.05) and smoking (ß=0.107, t=2.144, p<0.05) were statistically associated with development of acquired MDR-TB.Conclusion: This finding revealed that Previous TB treatment andAdherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the nonadherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. High quality directly observed treatment should be strengthened to ensure that the previously treated patients can receive standard and regular regimens. Keywords: TB Patients, MDR-TB, tuberculosis, Risk factors.   French Title: Facteurs de risque associés à la MDR-TB parmi les patientstuberculeux à Ibadan, état d'Oyo, Nigéria Introduction: Au Nigéria, les patients accédant au traitement DOTS (Directory Observed Therapy) sont exposés à une résistance aux médicaments  antituberculeux, ce qui est considéré comme une priorité, seules quelques études se sont concentrées sur les facteurs de risque pertinents. Les facteurs menant au développement d'être compris pour développer des stratégies de contrôle appropriées pour les programmes nationaux.Méthode de l'étude: L'étude était un plan d'étude transversale. Une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour  sélectionner 403 patients tuberculeux dans la région du gouvernement local d'Ibadan Nord de l'état d'Oyo. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré auto-administré et analysées à l'aide de la version 25 du SPSS. Le niveau de signification a été fixé à P <0,05.Résultats de l'étude: Cinquante-trois (13,2%) des répondants totaux avaient une tuberculose multi résistante (MDR-TB), ce qui est plus parmi les hommes 36 (67,9%) (p> 0,05). L'éducation et la profession montrent une association significative avec la TB-MR, (χ2 = 24,640, p = 0,007) et (χ2 = 14,416, p = 0,006) respectivement, des facteurs de risque tels que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique (r =0,270, p <0,05), le VIH (r = 0,168, p <0,05) et le tabagisme (ß = 0,107, t = 2,144, p <0,05) étaient statistiquement associés au développement de la TB-MR acquise.Conclusion: Ce résultat a révélé que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique étaient les principaux  facteurs de risque de TB-MR. Une intervention éducative ciblée pour les patients et leurs contacts peut minimiser la non-observance du traitement antituberculeux prescrit et réduire l'ampleur de la TB-MR. Un traitement de haute qualité directement observé doit être renforcé pour garantir queles patients précédemment traités puissent recevoir des schémas standards et réguliers. Mots-clés: Patients TB, MDR-TB, tuberculose, facteurs de risque &nbsp