Nutrition knowledge, nutritional status and lifestyle of athletes in Ondo Town, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Background: Nutrition knowledge influences food choices and adequate nutrition promotes optimal performance of athletics. Objective: To assess association between nutrition knowledge, nutritional status and lifestyle. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 280 Athletes training in Ondo Town, Nigeria. Respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and lifestyle were determined by interviewer administered questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry and dietary 2 pattern. Body Mass Index (kg/m ) and Body Fat (%) were calculated. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse data. Association of variables was determined by chi-square having p<0.05. Results: Respondents' mean age was 21±3.9years. Males and females were 73.2% and 26.8% respectively. Majorities (83.9%) were undergraduates. Football (37.9%), volleyball (20.0%), basketball (12.9%) and track and field events (12.5%) were major athletics, 69.4% had good nutrition knowledge and 73.9% normal weight, 15.0% overweight, 2.5% obese and 54.7% had good/excellent body fat. Cereal (57.8%), fruits (52.3%), flesh meat (52.8%), sea foods (45.1%), eggs (42.1%) and dairy products (48.1%) were regularly consumed, 66.1% trained at evening, 54.3% trained 1-2 days per week, 83.9% skipped breakfast. Significant associations were found between athletes' nutrition knowledge and lifestyle practices such as skipping of breakfast, taking of water bottle along for training, frequency of water consumption during training and consumption of carbonated drinks rather than water while thirsty. Conclusion: Many athletes have good nutrition knowledge. Overweight and obesity are prevalent; many skipped breakfast and consumed carbonated drinks instead of water while thirsty. Fruits vegetables and iron rich foods are not adequately consumed

Nutritional Status and Dietary Diversity among Fertility Impaired Women in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Excess weight gain and poor dietary intake pose adverse effects on health and productivity of women of reproductive age.Objective: The study assessed association between nutritional status, dietary diversity and fertility.Methods: Study design was cross sectional, carried out among 210 fertility-impaired women who attended gynaecological clinics of University College Hospital and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and adapted Dietary diversity Questionnaire was developed to determine respondents' socio-demographic characteristics and dietary diversification respectively. Height (m), weight (kg) and body fat (%) were measured. Data collected were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Association of variables was determined by chi-square having p<0.05.Results: More than half (53.3%) of respondents were within 30-39 years. Monthly average income was ₦30,000 ($187.5). Prevalence of overweight, obesity, secondary infertility, primary infertility and sexually transmitted infections (STI) was 40.5%, 32.8%, 55.5%, 44.5% and 28.5% respectively. Only 38.6% had experienced infertility beyond five years. Highly diverse diets were consumed by only 51.0% of respondents. Fruits and vegetable, organ meat, eggs, milk and milk products, meat and fish were not poorly consumed. Infertility was associated with increased Body Mass Index (p꞊0.042), Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) (p꞊0.000), age (p꞊0.000), religion (p꞊0.020), occupation (p꞊0.003) and monthly income (p꞊0.036) were significantly associated with infertility.Conclusion: Majority of infertile women in this study were overweight, obese, and physically inactive, experienced abdominal adiposity and secondary infertilit