The burden of diabetes in America: a data-driven analysis using power BI

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to devastating damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. It affects millions of Americans and costs the healthcare system billions of dollars. The disease’s causes, risk factors, and effective prevention and treatment methods are still unknown despite its prevalence. Methods: This descriptive study used US census and CDC data to describe diabetes in America. The US census and CDC provided this study’s population and diabetes data. This study used two datasets. The first dataset contains 73054 2020 US population records. This dataset’s second type was strings and decimals, including state, county, and 2020 affected population percentage. Diabetics are represented by 3154 data points. Power BI was used to visualize decision support data. Results: According to our analysis, millions of Americans suffer from diabetes, which costs billions in healthcare costs annually. Diabetes is most prevalent in California, with 28.9 million people affected. Most cases are 45-64 years old, and the number has increased over the past decade. These findings suggest that America’s growing diabetes epidemic requires more resources and facilities. Conclusions: Finally, our study covers diabetes’s prevalence, incidence, and trends in America. Our findings show that America’s growing diabetes epidemic need more money, manpower, and infrastructure. We advise the government to monitor diabetes and plan for future healthcare needs

Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis

BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways