Algal Biofuel: The Future of Green Jet Fuel in Air Transportation

The aviation industry is one of the major contributors for the greenhouse gases. As air travel has become inevitable in this modern era, and fossil fuel usage is not sustainable, it is essential to produce renewable fuel and commercialize it to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. In order to produce an alternate aviation biofuel a lot of industrial and academic collaborations have been developed worldwide. The main concern of this collaborative research is to produce aviation biofuel from renewable resources with low environmental impacts, and which is sustainable at an economically viable price. This mini-review briefly discusses the biotechnological approaches adapted to improve renewable fuel production, the current achievement with regard to algal biotechnology, and whether these biotechnological and bioengineering achievements can be commercialized today in the aviation industry

Research of Sustainable Jet Fuel Production Using Microbes

Global climate change, coupled with rapidly increasing oil prices and energy demand around the world, has paved a way for intense research in the biofuel sector. Stakeholders in the aviation industry have started to focus on bio-jet fuel. Bio-jet fuel is regarded as a sustainable solution to greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand. This paper provides a brief review of the biofuel production technologies, the role of bacteria in producing hydrocarbons and the recent advancements in microbial engineering to enhance the biofuel production. Finally, this paper concludes by highlighting the challenges and future research implications in bio-jet fuel production

Impact of COVID-19 on Airline Industry and Strategic Plan for its Recovery with Special Reference to Data Analytics Technology

This paper discusses the status quo of the airline industry around the world facing the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the first part of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic, airline revenues by region of operation, number of international passengers by region, and the number of domestic passenger traffic by route group. The data for this study was collected from January 2019 to December 2020 from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) database. The research strategy of the second part of this study is based on PEST analysis which is applied to evaluate the current situation of the airline industry. Based on the findings, this paper suggests strategies and recommendations for the airline industry to adapt to the pandemic situation based on technology aspects more specifically related to data analytics with a multi-step approach for COVID-19 Airline Recovery Plan. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry for its preparedness for the Post-COVID-19 era

Safety Analysis of Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) System

ADS-B is one of the significant implementation systems of NextGen, to help pilots and air traffic controllers to create a safer, and more efficient National Airspace System (NAS). First, this research paper will briefly describe the ADS-B system, its design structure, ADS-B In and ADS-B Out systems, its efficiency both in pilot applications and in air traffic control applications, and then discuss about the system safety analysis. The preliminary hazard analysis and fault tree analysis will be done for the identified and selected hazards, and will be briefly discussed. The paper will conclude by providing recommendations to prevent/mitigate the hazards identified

Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance: Understanding Errors, Management, and Technological Trends

Aircraft maintenance and inspection are complex systems that work on a time-based schedule and require teamwork of different professionals to maintain the airworthiness of aircraft. Errors in maintenance and inspection processes cause in-flight engine shutdowns, flight delays, flight cancellation, sometimes resulting in accidents and incidents that cause significant economic consequences. Due to the substantial impact on both safety and financial aspects of an air carrier, this paper focuses on hangar maintenance as the work is carried out across several shifts by different technicians, addressing various human factor issues that contribute to errors. The paper will also briefly discuss shift work and the health problems of maintenance technicians, human factor issues affecting maintenance, the significance of understanding human factor models, and the impact of maintenance and inspection errors with case studies, particularly aircraft accidents predominantly caused by human factor issues. Additionally, the paper also explores recent advances and trends in aircraft maintenance technologies, highlighting their transformative potential through predictive maintenance, robotics, augmented and virtual reality, big data analytics, blockchain, and additive manufacturing. These technologies promise enhanced efficiency, safety, and effectiveness for maintenance practices. The paper concludes by presenting insights into error management methods and providing recommendations for future research. By integrating traditional insights with cutting-edge technological considerations, this comprehensive analysis aims to significantly contribute to the evolution of safety protocols and practices within the aviation maintenance domain

Session 2: Big Data Utilization for Reopening Airlines

The global pandemic COVID-19 has a devastating impact on airlines globally, leaving even the major players in a vulnerable position. This research study first assesses the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic, airline revenues by region of operation, number of international passengers by region, and the number of domestic passenger traffic by route group from January 2019 to December 2020. PEST analysis is applied to evaluate the present situation of the airline industry. The question that will be addressed is – how the industry responded during the global pandemic, and how the industry can become more resilient in the race against the virus by using big data. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry for its preparedness for the Post-COVID-19 era

Technological Modernization and Its Impact on Agriculture, Fisheries and Fossil Fuel Utilization in the Asia Pacific Countries with Emphasis on Sustainability Perspective

Modernization is a process that moves towards efficiency. This affects most of the fields such as agriculture, fisheries, forestry, urban planning, policy, fossil fuel usage, manufacturing, technology, economic growth etc. This process plays a major role in moving forward making things faster, better and basically more efficient. The effects of modernization on all these fields bring about the major changes to aspects such as social, economic and the environment. The level of operation has increased from a domestic level; small family scale business to large commercial levels. As the level of operation increased, the utilization of natural resources increased gradually and paved way for the use of synthetic materials and machines. This shift brought about changes in attitude of managing resources and economic growth. Most of the countries upheld importance in maximizing short-term benefits in terms of economic efficiency rather than sustainability of the resources. The rapid increase in human population also contributed to this. This paper discusses about the impact of modernization on different perspectives such as socioeconomic, environmental and sustainability issues in the field of agriculture, fisheries, fossil fuel and energy sector in Asia pacific countries

Decolorization of Anthraquinone Vat Blue 4 by the Free Cells of an Autochthonous Bacterium, Bacillus Subtilis

Uncontaminated soil, Vat Blue 4 contaminated soil and Vat Blue 4 effluent were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population and the bacterial density were found to be 19.3 £ 104 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/gm, 5.5 £ 104 CFU/gm and 1.1 £ 104 CFU/ml respectively. Student’s ‘t’ test analysis affirmed that significant variation prevailed between the three set of ‘t’ tests conducted (P , 0.001 to 0.002). The heterotrophic bacterial population of dye contaminated soil comprised of 32.5% of Pseudomonas spp. followed by 27.5% of Bacillus spp., 15.0% of Aeromonas spp., 12.5% of Micrococcus spp. and 12.5% of Achromobacter spp. The optimum inoculums load, pH and temperature were found to be 5% (10 £ 104 counts), 10 and 358C respectively. Free cells of B. subtilis decolorized Vat Blue 4 up to 92.30% after 24 hours of treatment. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were reduced up to 50.00, 79.60 and 75.40% respectively

Decolorization of Azo Dye (Orange MR) by an Autochthonous Bacterium, Micrococcus sp. DBS 2

Soil and sediment samples obtained from Orange MR dye contaminated habitat were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population. The heterotrophic bacterial density of dye-contaminated soil was 2.14 9 106 CFU/g. The generic composition of heterotrophic bacterial population was primarily composed of 10% of Proteus sp., 15% Aeromonas sp., 20% Bacillus sp., 25% Pseudomonas sp. and 30% Micrococcus sp. The bacterial strain that decolorized the azo dye Orange MR up to 900 ppm was identified as Micrococcus sp. The optimum inoculum load, pH and temperature were found to be 5%, 6 and 35°C, respectively. The rate of decolorization was assessed using spectrophotometer at 530 nm and the percentage of decolorization was ascertained. The autochthonous bacterial isolate was able to utilize the dye as both nitrogen and carbon source

Assessing the efficiency of different sustainable farming practices in reducing the environmental impacts caused by aquaculture

Sustainability of aquaculture is achieved when aquaculture farming systems are capable of preserving the natural resource base and involves an institutional change to the environment by the attainment and continued satisfaction for present and future generations. Sustainable farming practices produce sufficient aquaculture output to satisfy the seafood demand while not burdening the environment more. The potentiality and efficiency of different sustainable aqua farming practices in reducing anthropogenic impacts to the environment by aquaculture are assessed in this paper. Polyculture is mostly adopted by small-scale rural farmers as it requires low entry barrier and help in income diversification. The input of inorganic fertilizer in polyculturing should be also minimized, replacing with efficient nitrogen use for better sustainability means. While green technologies like Recirculating aquaculture system (RASs), designed integrated aquaculture-wetland ecosystem (AWE) and Bioflocs involves more complicated interactions between the water treatment, the feed, and the fish. Hence, results with more variables in results and higher cost of adoption. However, the implications are much wider, not limited no nutrient uptake, salinity and pH, but the removal of total dissolved solids. While GIS analysis could serve as a guide for the site-selection in minimizing environmental impacts and preventing aquaculture failure. Different approaches should be adopted to fulfill different needs depending on the species being cultured and adjacent environmental context