ΔNp63 is expressed in bronchial basal cells <i>in situ</i> and is a major p63 isoform in basal cells <i>in</i><i>vitro</i>.

<p>ΔNp63 is expressed in basal cells in normal human bronchi (a). VA10 cells cultured in ALI express ΔNp63 at the basolateral side and not on the apical side (b). ΔNp63 shows 167,5 fold expression compared to TAp63 in bronchial basal cell line VA10, as calculated by ΔΔct obtained by qRT-PCR. GAPDH was used as endogenous control. (c). Scale bars 50 µm. ***p≤0.001.</p

Expression of selected epithelial markers in VA10^Scr and VA10^p63kd.

<p>−, negative; −/+ predominantly negative; (+) weakly positive; +/−, predominantly positive; +, positive. *Few negative cells.</p

p63 is necessary for IL-13 induced goblet cell differentiation in ALI culture.

<p>A subset of VA10^Scr differentiates to goblet cells when stimulated with IL-13 (left panel). VA10^p63kd cells are unable to form goblet cells when stimulated with IL-13 (right panel). Scale bars 50 µm. **p≤0.01.</p

VA10^p63kd cells lose survival ability.

<p>VA10^p63kd (KD) cells enter senescence when cultured for prolonged period in monolayer, as shown with β-galactosidase staining (a). To quantify the senescence the pixel intensity is represented in bars for VA10^Scr compared to VA10^p63kd. Scale bars 50 µm. *p≤.0.5.</p

p63 is necessary for a quick wound healing response.

<p>Wound healing assay shows decreased healing capacity of VA10^p63kd cells (right) compared to VA10^Scr cells (left) after 1,3 and 6 hours (a). Images represent results obtained from 4 independent experiments. Graph showing relative wound healing speed between VA10^p63kd cells and VA10^Scr cells (b). ***p≤0.001, **p≤0.01, *p≤.0.5.</p

VA10^p63kd form impaired lung epithelium in ALI culture.

<p>VA10^p63kd cells form simple epithelium with random epithelial budding (7 days after initiation of ALI) (a) and significant downregulation of CK14 (14 days after initiation of ALI) (b). The VA10^p63kd epithelium does not form transepithelial electrical resistance (c) and has high permeability of Flu-Na (d) compared to scrambled control (14 days after initiation of ALI). Scale bars 50 µm. ***p≤0.001.</p

Knockdown of p63 affects cellular morphology, proliferation and migration.

<p>Western blot showing lentiviral siRNA knockdown of p63 in VA10 (a). A subset of VA10^p63kd (KD) cells obtains an elongated morphology in monolayer culture (b). A proliferation assay reveals 40% decrease in proliferation of KD cells compared to scrambled. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (c). A transwell migration assay shows reduced ability of KD cells to migrate through the filter (d). ***p≤0.001, **p≤0.01.</p

Etiologic causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) identified during the 12-month study, by quarters.

<p>The proportion of total pneumonia admissions accounted for by each etiology for each quartile is shown. Influenza during the first and second quartiles was caused by seasonal influenza H3N2 whereas all influenza cases during the third and fourth quartiles were pandemic influenza (H1N1). Less frequently encountered pathogens listed as “other” included <i>M. catarrhalis</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>C. pneumoniae</i>, <i>Legionella</i> species, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> as well as various streptococcal species.</p

Comparison of CAP Patients by Etiology – Treatment and Outcome.

<p>CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; IV, intravenous; abx, antibiotic; UAT, urine antigen test;; ICU, intensive care unit; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage.</p>a<p>P-values<.05 shown in bold.</p>b<p>Atypical coverage denotes empiric antimicrobial treatment including coverage for “atypical” bacterial organisms.</p

Comparison of CAP Patients by Etiology – Symptoms, Test Results and Severity Scores.

<p>CAP, community acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, pulse-oximetry; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; PSI, pneumonia severity index.</p>a<p>P-values<.05 shown in bold.</p>b<p>Worst value denotes the worst noted value during the first 24 hours of admission.</p